TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroimaging Detectable Differences between Parkinson's Disease Motor Subtypes
T2 - A Systematic Review
AU - Boonstra, Jackson Tyler
AU - Michielse, Stijn
AU - Temel, Yasin
AU - Hoogland, Govert
AU - Jahanshahi, Ali
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by a Stichting de Weijerhorst Research grant to YT and AJ. The authors whose names are listed above report NO affiliations with or involvement in an organization or entity with a financial or non‐financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript, report no conflicts of interest, and hereby allow this information to be disclosed to learners in prin. Funding Sources and Conflicts of Interest:
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Background: The neuroanatomical substrates of Parkinson's disease (PD) with tremor-dominance (TD) and those with non-tremor dominance (nTD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and akinetic-rigid (AR) are not fully differentiated. A better understanding of symptom specific pathoanatomical markers of PD subtypes may result in earlier diagnosis and more tailored treatment. Here, we aim to give an overview of the neuroimaging literature that compared PD motor subtypes.Methods: A systematic literature review on neuroimaging studies of PD subtypes was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms submitted to the PubMed database included: "Parkinson's disease", "MRI" and "motor subtypes" (TD, nTD, PIGD, AR). The results are first discussed from macro to micro level of organization (i.e., (1) structural; (2) functional; and (3) molecular) and then by applied imaging methodology.Findings: Several neuroimaging methods including diffusion imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) distinguish specific PD motor subtypes well, although findings are mixed. Furthermore, our review demonstrates that nTD-PD patients have more severe neuroalterations compared to TD-PD patients. More specifically, nTD-PD patients have deficits within striato-thalamo-cortical (STC) circuitry and other thalamocortical projections related to cognitive and sensorimotor function, while TD-PD patients tend to have greater cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuitry dysfunction.Conclusions: Based on the literature, STC and CTC circuitry deficits seem to be the key features of PD and the subtypes. Future research should make greater use of multimodal neuroimaging and techniques that have higher sensitivity in delineating subcortical structures involved in motor diseases.
AB - Background: The neuroanatomical substrates of Parkinson's disease (PD) with tremor-dominance (TD) and those with non-tremor dominance (nTD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and akinetic-rigid (AR) are not fully differentiated. A better understanding of symptom specific pathoanatomical markers of PD subtypes may result in earlier diagnosis and more tailored treatment. Here, we aim to give an overview of the neuroimaging literature that compared PD motor subtypes.Methods: A systematic literature review on neuroimaging studies of PD subtypes was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms submitted to the PubMed database included: "Parkinson's disease", "MRI" and "motor subtypes" (TD, nTD, PIGD, AR). The results are first discussed from macro to micro level of organization (i.e., (1) structural; (2) functional; and (3) molecular) and then by applied imaging methodology.Findings: Several neuroimaging methods including diffusion imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) distinguish specific PD motor subtypes well, although findings are mixed. Furthermore, our review demonstrates that nTD-PD patients have more severe neuroalterations compared to TD-PD patients. More specifically, nTD-PD patients have deficits within striato-thalamo-cortical (STC) circuitry and other thalamocortical projections related to cognitive and sensorimotor function, while TD-PD patients tend to have greater cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuitry dysfunction.Conclusions: Based on the literature, STC and CTC circuitry deficits seem to be the key features of PD and the subtypes. Future research should make greater use of multimodal neuroimaging and techniques that have higher sensitivity in delineating subcortical structures involved in motor diseases.
KW - Parkinson's disease (PD)
KW - neuroanatomy
KW - neuroimaging
KW - motor subtypes
KW - tremor-dominant (TD)
KW - STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY
KW - GAIT DIFFICULTY SUBTYPES
KW - WHITE-MATTER LESIONS
KW - POSTURAL INSTABILITY
KW - TREMOR-DOMINANT
KW - CORTICAL THICKNESS
KW - REGIONAL ALTERATIONS
KW - SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
KW - CLINICAL PHENOTYPE
KW - DIFFERENT PATTERNS
U2 - 10.1002/mdc3.13107
DO - 10.1002/mdc3.13107
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 33553487
SN - 2330-1619
VL - 8
SP - 175
EP - 192
JO - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
JF - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
IS - 2
ER -