Navigating sarcoidosis: Recognizing, managing, and supporting patients in primary care

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by noncaseating granulomas and a variable clinical presentation. Despite its global distribution, sarcoidosis is relatively rare, with the highest prevalence in northern Europe. This poses challenges for primary care physicians due to its broad spectrum of symptoms, from organ-specific manifestations to general complaints like fatigue and concentration difficulties. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to provide primary care physicians with practical tools for the early recognition and management of sarcoidosis, emphasising their role in monitoring disease progression and providing supportive care. METHODS: Key strategies for diagnosis and management are reviewed, focusing on holistic patient care addressing both somatic and psychosocial aspects of the disease. RESULTS: Early recognition, careful monitoring of disease progression, and individualised treatment plans are crucial. Pharmacotherapy is not always required and should be carefully balanced. The role of supportive, patient-centered counseling is illustrated with two cases. CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians play a critical role in managing sarcoidosis, particularly in early recognition and monitoring. Given the absence of standardised treatment protocols, a flexible, holistic approach that includes psychosocial support is essential. This article provides a practical framework for general practitioners to address the challenges of sarcoidosis management and improve patient outcomes.