Multinational firms and the quest for global talent: Employing (skilled) foreign workers at home and abroad

Multinational firms can access global talent in two ways: by employing migrants in their home country, or by employing foreign workers in their overseas affiliates. Taking a knowledge-based perspective, we conceptualize these employment decisions as simultaneous and subject to management coordination. Substitution effects are greater when there is a larger wage cost differential between home and host countries, leading to a cost-reduction motivation for foreign expansion and the offshoring of employment. Substitution also occurs when R & D intensive firms employ highly skilled and internationally mobile foreign workers and employ these where the worker's knowledge and skills can be most productively put to use. In contrast, a complementary relationship occurs when the migrant country exhibits a high contextual distance with the home country of the firm, leading to knowledge (diversity) benefits of migrant employment at home when expanding abroad. Analyzing employee-employer and foreign affiliate data for multinational firms in the Netherlands (2008-2016) and estimating simultaneous equation models, we find support for these hypotheses. Our findings suggest that policies that restrict immigration may have a negative impact on the competitiveness of home-country multinational firms by limiting their ability to engage in value enhancing coordination of domestic and foreign employment growth.