Abstract

Microvascular dysfunction may be associated with worse cognitive performance. Most previous studies did not adjust for important confounders, evaluated only individual measures of microvascular dysfunction, and showed inconsistent results. We evaluated the association between a comprehensive set of measures of microvascular dysfunction and cognitive performance in the population-based Maastricht Study. We used cross-sectional data including 3011 participants (age 59.5 +/- 8.2; 48.9% women; 26.5% type 2 diabetes mellitus [oversampled by design]). Measures of microvascular dysfunction included magnetic resonance imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease, plasma biomarkers of microvascular dysfunction, albuminuria, flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar and venular dilation response and heat-induced skin hyperemia. These measures were summarized into a microvascular dysfunction composite score. Cognitive domains assessed were memory, processing speed, and executive function. A cognitive function score was calculated as the sum of the scores on these 3 cognitive domains. The microvascular dysfunction score was associated with a worse cognitive function score (standardized beta, -0.087 [95% CI, -0.127 to -0.047]), independent of age, education level, sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, total/HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, lipid-modifying medication, prior cardiovascular disease, depression and plasma biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. The fully adjusted beta-coefficient of the association between the microvascular dysfunction score and the cognitive function score was equivalent to 2 (range, 1-3) years of aging for each SD higher microvascular dysfunction score. The microvascular dysfunction score was associated with worse memory and processing speed but not with worse executive function. The present study shows that microvascular dysfunction is associated with worse cognitive performance.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)237-245
Number of pages9
JournalHypertension
Volume75
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2020

Keywords

  • blood pressure
  • cerebral small vessel disease
  • cognition
  • dilation
  • hyperemia
  • hypertension
  • microcirculation
  • SMALL VESSEL DISEASE
  • WHITE-MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES
  • GENERAL ELDERLY POPULATION
  • BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM
  • PARTICIPANTS AGED 24-81
  • LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION
  • OFFICE BLOOD-PRESSURE
  • ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
  • NORMATIVE DATA
  • DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

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