Metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among early adolescents in Khartoum State, Sudan

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions - including central obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C—that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Its prevalence is rising globally, notably among children and adolescents, yet research on MetS in the African context, especially in Sudan remain scarce. To address this gap, our study examined MetS among Sudanese early adolescents aged 10–15 in Khartoum State, assessing 921 students from both urban and rural areas. Measurements included weight, sleep patterns, diet, physical activity, and biochemical markers to assess the prevalence and understand the factors contributing to MetS. The findings revealed that obesity and poor lifestyle habits are major contributors to MetS, highlighting the need for early intervention strategies. These insights can help policymakers develop targeted initiatives that promote healthier lifestyles among adolescents. Addressing MetS at an early stage can mitigate the risks of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, ultimately improving long-term health outcomes and quality of life for Sudanese adolescents.