Memory Distortions in Maladaptive Daydreaming: A Study on Source Confusion and Fantasy-Driven Confabulations

Although vivid fantasizing involves the creation of imagined realities that share similar processes with memory source confusion, there has been limited research on the connection between these constructs. The current study used a thematic analysis approach to investigate the perceived relationship between an extreme form of dissociative absorption called maladaptive daydreaming (MD), source confusion, and memory errors. We interviewed 41 participants who self-identified as coping with MD, volunteered for MD research, and exhibited elevated MD scores. These questions delved into topics such as instances where they had difficulty distinguishing between daydreams and reality and situations where daydreams influenced their interactions with others. Of the respondents, 51% (n = 21) confirmed that they had experienced visions that they later confused with actual events. Based on their responses, we identified several recurring themes, including the impact of MD content on current social interactions, mistaking fantasy events for actual occurrences, confusing daydreams involving real people and plausible scenarios with actual events, and realizing that memories were based on fantasy. These themes shared a common thread: Most fabricated narratives aim to rectify an adverse past event or anticipate an unwelcome future. Our research findings indicate that individuals experiencing MD may recount fictitious stories of plausible or desired experiences, highlighting a significant association between MD and memory inaccuracies in the service of distress regulation.