Measurement of angular distributions and R = sigma(L)/sigma(T) in diffractive electroproduction of p(0) mesons

Production and decay angular distributions were extracted from measurements of exclusive electroproduction of the rho (0)(770) meson over a range in the virtual photon negative four-momentum squared 0.5 < Q(2) < 4 GeV2 and the photon-nucleon invariant mass range 3.8 < W < 6.5 GeV. The experiment was performed with the HERMES spectrometer, using a longitudinally polarized positron beam and a He-3 gas target internal to the HERA e(+/-) storage ring. The event sample combines rho (0) masons produced incoherently off individual nucleons and coherently off the nucleus as a whole. The distributions in one production angle and two angles describing the rho (0) --> pi (+)pi (-) decay yielded measurements of eight elements of the spin-density matrix, including one that had not been measured before. The results are consistent with the dominance of helicity conserving amplitudes and natural parity exchange. The improved precision achieved at 4 < W < 7 GeV, in combination with other data at W > 7 GeV, reveals evidence for an energy dependence in the ratio R of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections at constant Q(2).