Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction

I.F. Megas; D. Simons; B.S. Kim; C. Stoppe; A. Piatkowski; P. Fikatas; P.C. Fuchs; J. Bastiaanse; N. Pallua; J. Bernhagen; G. Grieb

doi:10.3390/healthcare9060616

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction

I.F. Megas, D. Simons, B.S. Kim, C. Stoppe, A. Piatkowski, P. Fikatas, P.C. Fuchs, J. Bastiaanse, N. Pallua, J. Bernhagen, G. Grieb^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

(1) Background: Nowadays, the use of microsurgical free flaps is a standard operative procedure in reconstructive surgery. Still, thrombosis of the microanastomosis is one of the most fatal postoperative complications. Clinical evaluation, different technical devices and laboratory markers are used to monitor critical flap perfusion. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a structurally unique cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics, could play a role in predicting vascular problems and the failure of flap perfusion. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 subjects that underwent microsurgical reconstruction were observed. Besides clinical data, the number of blood leukocytes, CRP and MIF were monitored. (3) Results: Blood levels of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes increased directly after surgery. Subjects that needed surgical revision due to thrombosis of the microanastomosis showed significantly higher blood levels of MIF than subjects without revision. (4) Conclusion: We conclude that MIF is a potential and innovative indicator for thrombosis of the microanastomosis after free flap surgery. Since it is easy to obtain diagnostically, MIF could be an additional tool to monitor flap perfusion besides clinical and technical assessments.

Original language	English
Article number	616
Number of pages	9
Journal	Healthcare
Volume	9
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060616
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2021

Keywords

macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
free flap surgery
innovative surgical methods
microanastomosis
ischemia
MIF
DOPPLER

Access to Document

10.3390/healthcare9060616Licence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{cc475ebae8d94c51874e7aa39354f768,

title = "Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction",

abstract = "(1) Background: Nowadays, the use of microsurgical free flaps is a standard operative procedure in reconstructive surgery. Still, thrombosis of the microanastomosis is one of the most fatal postoperative complications. Clinical evaluation, different technical devices and laboratory markers are used to monitor critical flap perfusion. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a structurally unique cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics, could play a role in predicting vascular problems and the failure of flap perfusion. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 subjects that underwent microsurgical reconstruction were observed. Besides clinical data, the number of blood leukocytes, CRP and MIF were monitored. (3) Results: Blood levels of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes increased directly after surgery. Subjects that needed surgical revision due to thrombosis of the microanastomosis showed significantly higher blood levels of MIF than subjects without revision. (4) Conclusion: We conclude that MIF is a potential and innovative indicator for thrombosis of the microanastomosis after free flap surgery. Since it is easy to obtain diagnostically, MIF could be an additional tool to monitor flap perfusion besides clinical and technical assessments.",

keywords = "macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), free flap surgery, innovative surgical methods, microanastomosis, ischemia, MIF, DOPPLER",

author = "I.F. Megas and D. Simons and B.S. Kim and C. Stoppe and A. Piatkowski and P. Fikatas and P.C. Fuchs and J. Bastiaanse and N. Pallua and J. Bernhagen and G. Grieb",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/healthcare9060616",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Healthcare",

issn = "2227-9032",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction

AU - Megas, I.F.

AU - Simons, D.

AU - Kim, B.S.

AU - Stoppe, C.

AU - Piatkowski, A.

AU - Fikatas, P.

AU - Fuchs, P.C.

AU - Bastiaanse, J.

AU - Pallua, N.

AU - Bernhagen, J.

AU - Grieb, G.

PY - 2021/6/1

Y1 - 2021/6/1

N2 - (1) Background: Nowadays, the use of microsurgical free flaps is a standard operative procedure in reconstructive surgery. Still, thrombosis of the microanastomosis is one of the most fatal postoperative complications. Clinical evaluation, different technical devices and laboratory markers are used to monitor critical flap perfusion. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a structurally unique cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics, could play a role in predicting vascular problems and the failure of flap perfusion. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 subjects that underwent microsurgical reconstruction were observed. Besides clinical data, the number of blood leukocytes, CRP and MIF were monitored. (3) Results: Blood levels of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes increased directly after surgery. Subjects that needed surgical revision due to thrombosis of the microanastomosis showed significantly higher blood levels of MIF than subjects without revision. (4) Conclusion: We conclude that MIF is a potential and innovative indicator for thrombosis of the microanastomosis after free flap surgery. Since it is easy to obtain diagnostically, MIF could be an additional tool to monitor flap perfusion besides clinical and technical assessments.

AB - (1) Background: Nowadays, the use of microsurgical free flaps is a standard operative procedure in reconstructive surgery. Still, thrombosis of the microanastomosis is one of the most fatal postoperative complications. Clinical evaluation, different technical devices and laboratory markers are used to monitor critical flap perfusion. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a structurally unique cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics, could play a role in predicting vascular problems and the failure of flap perfusion. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 subjects that underwent microsurgical reconstruction were observed. Besides clinical data, the number of blood leukocytes, CRP and MIF were monitored. (3) Results: Blood levels of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes increased directly after surgery. Subjects that needed surgical revision due to thrombosis of the microanastomosis showed significantly higher blood levels of MIF than subjects without revision. (4) Conclusion: We conclude that MIF is a potential and innovative indicator for thrombosis of the microanastomosis after free flap surgery. Since it is easy to obtain diagnostically, MIF could be an additional tool to monitor flap perfusion besides clinical and technical assessments.

KW - macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

KW - free flap surgery

KW - innovative surgical methods

KW - microanastomosis

KW - ischemia

KW - MIF

KW - DOPPLER

U2 - 10.3390/healthcare9060616

DO - 10.3390/healthcare9060616

M3 - Article

C2 - 34063809

SN - 2227-9032

VL - 9

JO - Healthcare

JF - Healthcare

IS - 6

M1 - 616

ER -

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this