Lower urinary tract dysfunction in uncommon neurological diseases, Part III: A report of the Neuro-urology Promotion Committee of the International Continence Society

This is the third manuscript from the Neuro-urology Promotion Committee of the International Continence Society (ICS) discussing uncommon neuro-urological conditions that are not well described in urological literature. Readers are referred to the previous documents for a more detailed understanding of how neurological disease might affect lower urinary tract function ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cont.2022.100022) ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cont.2023.101043). Eleven conditions are covered. This includes five genetic conditions — Angelman disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, Fabry's disease, neurofibromatosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Two infection associated conditions are covered including Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis and Creutzfeldt–Jackob disease. Four other conditions covered are cerebral palsy, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and spinal vascular malformation. Key aspects and specific recommendations related to clinical practice are summarized in tables. Knowledge of unusual neurological conditions that can affect the lower urinary tract is important for ensuring a timely and precise diagnosis. This document from the ICS, along with Parts I and II published earlier, can serve as a reference for clinicians presented with unusual forms of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.