Lipid droplet dynamics and insulin sensitivity upon a 5-day high-fat diet in Caucasians and South Asians

Anne Gemmink, Leontine E. H. Bakker, Bruno Guigas, Esther Kornips, Gert Schaart, A. Edo Meinders, Ingrid M. Jazet, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

A 5-day High-Fat High-Calorie diet (HFHC-diet) reduces insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd) in South Asian, but not Caucasian healthy lean males. We aimed to investigate if differences in myocellular lipid handling are underlying this differential response. A two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and muscle biopsies were performed in 12 healthy lean Caucasian and South Asian males (BMI <25 kg/m(2), 19-25 years) before and after a 5-day HFHC-diet (regular diet + 375 mL cream/day; 1275 kcal/day; 94% fat). Triglyceride extractions and Western Blots for lipid droplet and mitochondrial proteins were performed. Intramyocellular lipid content and HFHC-diet response were similar between ethnicities (group effect: P = 0.094; diet effect: +similar to 30%, P = 0.044). PLIN5 protein content increased upon the HFHC-diet (P = 0.031) and tended to be higher in South Asians (0.87 +/- 0.42 AU vs. 1.35 +/- 0.58 AU, P = 0.07). 4-HNE tended to increase in South Asians upon the HFHC-diet (interaction effect: P = 0.057). In Caucasians Delta PLIN5 content correlated with Delta R-d (Caucasians: r = 0.756, P = 0.011; South Asians: r = -0.085, P = 0.816), while in South Asians Delta 4-HNE associated with Delta PLIN5 content (Caucasians: r = 0.312, P = 0.380; South Asians: r = 0.771, P = 0.003). These data indicate that in Caucasians, PLIN5 may be protective against HFHC-diet induced insulin resistance, which for reasons not yet understood is not observed in South Asians, who possess increased lipid peroxidation levels.

Original languageEnglish
Article number42393
Number of pages9
JournalScientific Reports
Volume7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14 Feb 2017

Keywords

  • LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET
  • SKELETAL-MUSCLE
  • PERILIPIN 5
  • GLUCOSE DISPOSAL
  • ADIPOSE-TISSUE
  • RESISTANCE
  • HUMANS
  • METABOLISM
  • MEN
  • LIPOTOXICITY

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