Left Ventricle Unloading with Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiogenic Shock. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mariusz Kowalewski, Pietro Giorgio Malvindi, Kamil Zielinski, Gennaro Martucci, Artur Slomka, Piotr Suwalski, Roberto Lorusso, Paolo Meani, Antonio Arcadipane, Michele Pilato, Giuseppe Maria Raffa*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

During veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), the increase of left ventricular (LV) afterload can potentially increase the LV stress, exacerbate myocardial ischemia and delay recovery from cardiogenic shock (CS). Several strategies of LV unloading have been proposed. Systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement included adult patients from studies published between January 2000 and March 2019. The search was conducted through numerous databases. Overall, from 62 papers, 7581 patients were included, among whom 3337 (44.0%) received LV unloading concomitant to VA-ECMO. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 58.9% (4466/7581). A concomitant strategy of LV unloading as compared to ECMO alone was associated with 12% lower mortality risk (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.93; p <0.0001; I-2 = 40%) and 35% higher probability of weaning from ECMO (RR 1.35; 95% CI 1.21-1.51; p <0.00001; I-2 = 38%). In an analysis stratified by setting, the highest mortality risk benefit was observed in case of acute myocardial infarction: RR 0.75; 95%CI 0.68-0.83; p <0.0001; I-2 = 0%. There were no apparent differences between two techniques in terms of complications. In heterogeneous populations of critically ill adults in CS and supported with VA-ECMO, the adjunct of LV unloading is associated with lower early mortality and higher rate of weaning.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1039
Number of pages36
JournalJournal of Clinical Medicine
Volume9
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2020

Keywords

  • cardiogenic shock
  • extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • extracorporeal life support
  • resuscitation
  • MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT
  • ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
  • INTRAAORTIC BALLOON PUMP
  • ADULT PATIENTS
  • LIFE-SUPPORT
  • OUTCOMES
  • FAILURE
  • ECMO
  • DISTENSION
  • SURVIVAL

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