@article{cccf9904fab848eeb501493140d859b7,
title = "Layer-dependent activity in human prefrontal cortex during working memory",
abstract = "Working memory involves storing and/or manipulating previously encoded information over a short-term delay period, which is typically followed by a behavioral response based on the remembered information. Although working memory tasks often engage dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, few studies have investigated whether their subprocesses are localized to different cortical depths in this region, and none have done so in humans. Here we use high-resolution functional MRI to interrogate the layer specificity of neural activity during different periods of a delayed-response task in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We detect activity time courses that follow the hypothesized patterns: namely, superficial layers are preferentially active during the delay period, specifically in trials requiring manipulation (rather than mere maintenance) of information held in working memory, and deeper layers are preferentially active during the response. Results demonstrate that layer-specific functional MRI can be used in higher-order brain regions to noninvasively map cognitive processing in humans.",
keywords = "CORTICAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS, DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY, RESPONSE SELECTION, PERSISTENT ACTIVITY, NMDA RECEPTORS, LAMINAR ORIGIN, VISUAL-CORTEX, NEGATIVE BOLD, FMRI, MONKEY",
author = "Finn, {Emily S.} and Laurentius Huber and Jangraw, {David C.} and Molfese, {Peter J.} and Bandettini, {Peter A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank A. Arnsten for guidance on experimental design and interpretation. We thank B. Poser and D. Ivanov for the 3D-EPI readout that is used in the VASO sequence here. We thank A.H. Hall and K. Chung for administrative support of human volunteer scanning. We thank S. Kashyap for helpful tips on adjusting manual initial registration used to generate Supplementary Fig. 2. We thank S. Marrett and D. Handwerker for technical advice and support. We thank A. Thomas and T. Riddle for support with data formatting, organization and sharing. Portions of this study used the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health (biowulf.nih.gov). The research was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (no. ZIAMH002783) to P.A.B., which also funded E.S.F., L.H., D.C.J. and P.J.M. During the latest periods of data analysis, L.H. was funded from the NWO VENI project 016.Veni.198.032. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1038/s41593-019-0487-z",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
pages = "1687--1695",
journal = "Nature Neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "10",
}