International Online Collaboration Competencies in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has been forcing people to work remotely in virtual teams around the globe. Global virtual teamwork will continue, and people are not sufficiently prepared for this, resulting in reduced team commitment and lower performance. Higher education institutions need to equip their graduates with International Online Collaboration Competencies (IOCCs), but research into these is fragmented, lacking even a definition of these competencies. This study was systematically reviewing empirical studies on IOCCs. 516 studies were reviewed, and data from 14 full texts were analyzed. Six competence domains emerged from the literature. Most studies focused on single domains of IOCCs, and none of the studies covered all domains. Results indicate that this preliminary framework for higher education students provides a first overview of the fragmented literature on IOCCs. Methods to teach and evaluate IOCCs acquisition are underdeveloped but urgently needed to equip professionals for global virtual teamwork.