Integrin-activating Yersinia protein Invasin sustains long-term expansion of primary epithelial cells as 2D organoid sheets

Matrigel /BME , a basement membrane-like preparation, supports long-term growth of epithelial 3D organoids from adult stem cells [T. Sato , , 262-265 (2009); T. Sato , , 1762-1772 (2011)]. Here, we show that interaction between Matrigel's major component laminin-111 with epithelial a6ß1-integrin is crucial for this process. The outer membrane protein Invasin of is known to activate multiple integrin-ß1 complexes, including integrin a6ß1. A C-terminal integrin-binding fragment of Invasin, coated on culture plates, mediated gut epithelial cell adhesion. Addition of organoid growth factors allowed multipassage expansion in 2D. Polarization, junction formation, and generation of enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells were stable over time. Sustained expansion of other human, mouse, and even snake epithelia was accomplished under comparable conditions. The 2D "organoid sheet" format holds advantages over the 3D "in gel" format in terms of imaging, accessibility of basal and apical domains, and automation for high-throughput screening. Invasin represents a fully defined, affordable, versatile, and animal-free complement to Matrigel /BME .