Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies.

There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies that dietary beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but findings are performed a meta-analysis of 29 observational studies and randomized trials (RCTs) of dietary protein and types of protein in relation to BP incident hypertension, published until January 2012. The analysis cross-sectional studies (n=48 985), four prospective studies (n=11 761) RCTs (n=1449). A modest inverse association between total protein intake (-0.20 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -0.39, -0.01) per 25 g ( approximately 1 was found in cross-sectional studies, but not in prospective studies risk of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.02)). For RCTs that used carbohydrate as a treatment, the pooled BP effect was -2.11 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -2.86, for a weighed mean contrast in protein intake of 41 g per day. A non- inverse association of -0.52 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -1.10, +0.05) per approximately 1 s.d.) was found for plant protein in cross-sectional whereas animal protein was not associated with BP. In prospective RCTs, however, the associations of plant protein and animal protein with