Influence of micro-environments on pre-school children's energy balance-related behaviours and weight status

Based on the KOALA Birth Cohort Study and child-care observations, the home and child-care environment were examined as potential determinants of overweight in young children (age 0-7). Breast-feeding protected against overweight, probably through affecting later snacking. Parental stimulation of children’s healthy behaviours was more effective than restriction of unhealthy behaviours. Furthermore, diet and physical activity already clustered (co-occurred) at a young age. Children attending child-care appeared to be more often overweight. Observations showed the importance of child-care staff and physical environmental factors regarding diet and physical activity. The findings can be used to inform future childhood overweight prevention interventions.