TY - JOUR
T1 - Inactive matrix Gla protein is a novel circulating biomarker predicting retinal arteriolar narrowing in humans
AU - Wei, Fang-Fei
AU - Huang, Qi-Fang
AU - Zhang, Zhen-Yu
AU - Van Keer, Karel
AU - Thijs, Lutgarde
AU - Trenson, Sander
AU - Yang, Wen-Yi
AU - Cauwenberghs, Nicholas
AU - Mujaj, Blerim
AU - Kuznetsova, Tatiana
AU - Allegaert, Karel
AU - Struijker-Boudier, Harry A. J.
AU - Verhamme, Peter
AU - Vermeeer, Cees
AU - Staessen, Jan A.
PY - 2018/10/10
Y1 - 2018/10/10
N2 - Active matrix Gla protein (MGP), a potent inhibitor of calcification in large arteries, protects against macrovascular complications. Recent studies suggested that active MGP helps maintaining the integrity of the renal and myocardial microcirculation, but its role in preserving the retinal microcirculation remains unknown. In 935 randomly recruited Flemish participants (mean age, 40.9 years; 50.3% women), we measured plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), a marker of poor vitamin K status using an ELISA-based assay at baseline (1996-2010) and retinal microvascular diameters using IVAN software (Vasculomatic ala Nicola, version 1.1) including the central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) equivalent and the arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) at follow-up (2008-2015). CRAE (P = 0.005) and AVR (P = 0.080) at follow-up decreased across tertiles of the dp-ucMGP distribution. In unadjusted models, for a doubling of dp-ucMGP at baseline, CRAE and AVR at follow-up respectively decreased by 1.40 mu m (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 2.48; P = 0.011) and 0.006 (CI, 0.001 to 0.011; P = 0.016). In multivariable-adjusted models accounting for sex, baseline characteristics and follow-up duration, these estimates were -1.03 mu m (CI, -1.96 to -0.11; P = 0.028) and -0.007 (CI, -0.011 to -0.002; P = 0.007). Additional adjustment for changes from baseline to follow-up in major baseline characteristics yielded as estimates -0.91 mu m (CI, -1.82 to -0.01; P = 0.048) and -0.006 (95%CI, -0.011 to -0.001; P = 0.014), respectively. Circulating inactive dp-ucMGP is a long-term predictor of smaller retinal arteriolar diameter in the general population. Our observations highlight the possibility that vitamin K supplementation might promote retinal health.
AB - Active matrix Gla protein (MGP), a potent inhibitor of calcification in large arteries, protects against macrovascular complications. Recent studies suggested that active MGP helps maintaining the integrity of the renal and myocardial microcirculation, but its role in preserving the retinal microcirculation remains unknown. In 935 randomly recruited Flemish participants (mean age, 40.9 years; 50.3% women), we measured plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), a marker of poor vitamin K status using an ELISA-based assay at baseline (1996-2010) and retinal microvascular diameters using IVAN software (Vasculomatic ala Nicola, version 1.1) including the central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) equivalent and the arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) at follow-up (2008-2015). CRAE (P = 0.005) and AVR (P = 0.080) at follow-up decreased across tertiles of the dp-ucMGP distribution. In unadjusted models, for a doubling of dp-ucMGP at baseline, CRAE and AVR at follow-up respectively decreased by 1.40 mu m (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 2.48; P = 0.011) and 0.006 (CI, 0.001 to 0.011; P = 0.016). In multivariable-adjusted models accounting for sex, baseline characteristics and follow-up duration, these estimates were -1.03 mu m (CI, -1.96 to -0.11; P = 0.028) and -0.007 (CI, -0.011 to -0.002; P = 0.007). Additional adjustment for changes from baseline to follow-up in major baseline characteristics yielded as estimates -0.91 mu m (CI, -1.82 to -0.01; P = 0.048) and -0.006 (95%CI, -0.011 to -0.001; P = 0.014), respectively. Circulating inactive dp-ucMGP is a long-term predictor of smaller retinal arteriolar diameter in the general population. Our observations highlight the possibility that vitamin K supplementation might promote retinal health.
KW - BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-4
KW - TRABECULAR MESHWORK CELLS
KW - OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
KW - MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES
KW - ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK
KW - MENAQUINONE-7 SUPPLEMENTATION
KW - FLEMISH POPULATION
KW - VESSEL DIAMETERS
KW - GENE-EXPRESSION
KW - VITAMIN-K
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-018-33257-6
DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-33257-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 30305657
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 8
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
M1 - 15088
ER -