TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro toxicological characterisation of the antifungal compound soybean toxin (SBTX)
AU - Arantes, Mariana Reis
AU - Peijnenburg, Ad
AU - Hendriksen, Peter J. M.
AU - Stoopen, Geert
AU - Almeida, Thiago Silva
AU - Souza, Terezinha Maria
AU - Farias, Davi Felipe
AU - Urano Carvalho, Ana Fontenele
AU - Rocha, Talita Magalhaes
AU - Almeida Moreira Leal, Luzia Kalyne
AU - Vasconcelos, Ilka Maria
AU - Abreu Oliveira, Jose Tadeu
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq , grants 308107/2013-6 , 307783/2013-8 , 310694/2014-0 , 431511/2016-0 ) and Council for Advanced Professional Training (CAPES) . M.R.A. was a recipient of CNPq research fellowship number 140780/2015-7.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grants 308107/2013-6, 307783/2013-8, 310694/2014-0, 431511/2016-0) and Council for Advanced Professional Training (CAPES). M.R.A. was a recipient of CNPq research fellowship number 140780/2015-7.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Soybean toxin (SBTX) is a protein isolated from soybean seeds and composed of two polypeptide subunits (17 and 27 kDa). SBTX has in vitro activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Cercospora sojina, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium herguei, and yeasts like Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Kluyveromyces marxiannus, and Pichia membranifaciens. The present study aimed to analyze in vitro whether SBTX causes any side effects on non-target bacterial and mammalian cells that could impede its potential use as a novel antifungal agent. SBTX at 100 mu g/mL and 200 mu g/mL did not hinder the growth of the bacteria Salmonella enterica (subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis), Bacillus subtilis (subspecies spizizenii) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, SBTX at concentrations up to 500 mu g/mL did not significantly affect the viability of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. To study whether SBTX could induce relevant alterations in gene expression, in vitro DNA microarray experiments were conducted in which differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 100 mu g/mL or 200 mu g/mL SBTX. SBTX up-regulated genes involved in cell cycle and immune response pathways, but downregulated genes that play a role in cholesterol biosynthesis and platelet degranulation pathways. Thus, although SBTX did not affect bacteria, nor induced cytotoxity in mammalian cells, it affected some biological pathways in the human Caco-2 cell line that warrants further investigation.
AB - Soybean toxin (SBTX) is a protein isolated from soybean seeds and composed of two polypeptide subunits (17 and 27 kDa). SBTX has in vitro activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Cercospora sojina, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium herguei, and yeasts like Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Kluyveromyces marxiannus, and Pichia membranifaciens. The present study aimed to analyze in vitro whether SBTX causes any side effects on non-target bacterial and mammalian cells that could impede its potential use as a novel antifungal agent. SBTX at 100 mu g/mL and 200 mu g/mL did not hinder the growth of the bacteria Salmonella enterica (subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis), Bacillus subtilis (subspecies spizizenii) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, SBTX at concentrations up to 500 mu g/mL did not significantly affect the viability of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. To study whether SBTX could induce relevant alterations in gene expression, in vitro DNA microarray experiments were conducted in which differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 100 mu g/mL or 200 mu g/mL SBTX. SBTX up-regulated genes involved in cell cycle and immune response pathways, but downregulated genes that play a role in cholesterol biosynthesis and platelet degranulation pathways. Thus, although SBTX did not affect bacteria, nor induced cytotoxity in mammalian cells, it affected some biological pathways in the human Caco-2 cell line that warrants further investigation.
KW - SBTX
KW - Antifungal agent
KW - Toxicogenomics
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN
KW - CENP-A
KW - CANDIDA-ALBICANS
KW - CHOLESTEROL
KW - INHIBITOR
KW - PROTEINS
KW - COMPLEX
KW - TRANSCRIPTION
KW - INFLAMMATION
KW - INFECTIONS
U2 - 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104824
DO - 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104824
M3 - Article
C2 - 32165152
SN - 0887-2333
VL - 65
JO - Toxicology in Vitro
JF - Toxicology in Vitro
M1 - 104824
ER -