TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on self-reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship in smokers—findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
AU - Gravely, Shannon
AU - Driezen, Pete
AU - Kyriakos, Christina N.
AU - Thompson, Mary E.
AU - Balmford, James
AU - Demjén, Tibor
AU - Fernández, Esteve
AU - Mons, Ute
AU - Tountas, Yannis
AU - Janik-Koncewicz, Kinga
AU - Zatonski, Witold
AU - Trofor, Antigona C.
AU - Vardavas, Constantine I.
AU - Fong, Geoffrey T.
AU - Glahn, Andrea
AU - Nguyen, Dominick
AU - Nikitara, Katerina
AU - Radu-Loghin, Cornel
AU - Starchenko, Polina
AU - Tsatsakis, Aristidis
AU - Girvalaki, Charis
AU - Igoumenaki, Chryssi
AU - Papadakis, Sophia
AU - Papathanasaki, Aikaterini
AU - Tzatzarakis, Manolis
AU - Vardavas, Alexander I.
AU - Bécuwe, Nicolas
AU - Deaconu, Lavinia
AU - Goudet, Sophie
AU - Hanley, Christopher
AU - Rivière, Oscar
AU - Kiss, Judit
AU - Kovacs, Anna Piroska
AU - Castellano, Yolanda
AU - Fu, Marcela
AU - Nogueira, Sarah O.
AU - Tigova, Olena
AU - McNeill, Ann
AU - East, Katherine
AU - Hitchman, Sara C.
AU - Kahnert, Sarah
AU - Behrakis, Panagiotis
AU - Filippidis, Filippos T.
AU - Gratziou, Christina
AU - Katsaounou, Paraskevi
AU - Peleki, Theodosia
AU - Willemsen, Marc
AU - De Vries, Hein
AU - Hummel, Karin
AU - Nagelhout, Gera E.
AU - EUREST-PLUS consortium
N1 - Funding Information:
The EUREST-PLUS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 681109 (C.I.V.) and the University of Waterloo (G.T.F.). Additional support was provided to the University of Waterloo by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477). S.K. is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Health. G.T.F. was supported by a Senior Investigator Grant from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. E.F. was partly supported by Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (2017SGR319) and by the Instituto Carlos III and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER (INT16/00211 and INT17/00103), Government of Spain.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Background: Advertising, promotion and sponsorship of electronic cigarettes (ECAPS) have increased in recent years. Since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) prohibits ECAPS in various advertising channels, including media that have cross-border effects. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in exposure to ECAPS in a cohort of smokers from six European Union member states after implementation of TPD2. Methods: Self-reported exposure to ECAPS overall and in various media and localities was examined over two International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation survey waves (2016 and 2018) in a cohort of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal generalized estimating equations models. Results: Self-reported ECAPS exposure at both timepoints varied between countries and across examined advertising channels. Overall, there was a significant increase in ECAPS exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.44]. Between waves, no consistent patterns of change in ECAPS exposure across countries and different media were observed. Generally, ECAPS exposure tended to decline in some channels regulated by TPD2, particularly on television and radio, while exposure tended to increase in some unregulated channels, such as at points of sale. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the TPD2 was generally effective in reducing ECAPS in regulated channels. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to evaluate its role in reducing ECAPS exposure, possibly by triangulation with additional sources of data.
AB - Background: Advertising, promotion and sponsorship of electronic cigarettes (ECAPS) have increased in recent years. Since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) prohibits ECAPS in various advertising channels, including media that have cross-border effects. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in exposure to ECAPS in a cohort of smokers from six European Union member states after implementation of TPD2. Methods: Self-reported exposure to ECAPS overall and in various media and localities was examined over two International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation survey waves (2016 and 2018) in a cohort of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal generalized estimating equations models. Results: Self-reported ECAPS exposure at both timepoints varied between countries and across examined advertising channels. Overall, there was a significant increase in ECAPS exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.44]. Between waves, no consistent patterns of change in ECAPS exposure across countries and different media were observed. Generally, ECAPS exposure tended to decline in some channels regulated by TPD2, particularly on television and radio, while exposure tended to increase in some unregulated channels, such as at points of sale. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the TPD2 was generally effective in reducing ECAPS in regulated channels. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to evaluate its role in reducing ECAPS exposure, possibly by triangulation with additional sources of data.
U2 - 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa055
DO - 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa055
M3 - Article
SN - 1101-1262
VL - 30
SP - III55-III61
JO - European Journal of Public Health
JF - European Journal of Public Health
IS - 3
ER -