TY - JOUR
T1 - How pharmacists perceive their professional identity
T2 - a scoping review and discursive analysis
AU - Kellar, Jamie
AU - Singh, Lachmi
AU - Bradley-Ridout, Glyneva
AU - Martimianakis, Maria Athina
AU - van der Vleuten, Cees P M
AU - Oude Egbrink, Mirjam G A
AU - Austin, Zubin
N1 - © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
PY - 2021/8/11
Y1 - 2021/8/11
N2 - OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this scoping review were to (a) explore how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities and (b) describe factors impacting which professional roles or identities pharmacists embody in different pharmacy practice settings.METHODS: A scoping review using a deductive approach was undertaken for this study. Systematic searches were conducted in five databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and Scopus (Elsevier). Key words searched included pharmacist, identity, professional role and one variations of these. Results were double-blind screened for relevance by two authors. Data extraction was facilitated by the web-based software platform COVIDENCE. Foucauldian critical discourse analysis was used to deconstruct how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities.KEY FINDINGS: In total, 21 701 articles were retrieved in the search. Following de-duplication and screening, 23 studies from 11 different countries were included. Five major identity themes were identified: Clinician, Dispenser, Business Person, Patient Counsellor and Physician Supporter. The dispenser identity was the most widespread, but it was viewed by many pharmacists as undesirable. The clinician identity also had a strong presence but was viewed as an identity that pharmacists aspire to embody.CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review illustrates that pharmacists do not uniformly perceive themselves to be clinicians. A significant gap exists between the profession's desired identity and that embodied by practicing pharmacists. The resulting dissonance may be a contributing factor to the lack of wide-scale practice change that the profession has been seeking for decades.
AB - OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this scoping review were to (a) explore how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities and (b) describe factors impacting which professional roles or identities pharmacists embody in different pharmacy practice settings.METHODS: A scoping review using a deductive approach was undertaken for this study. Systematic searches were conducted in five databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and Scopus (Elsevier). Key words searched included pharmacist, identity, professional role and one variations of these. Results were double-blind screened for relevance by two authors. Data extraction was facilitated by the web-based software platform COVIDENCE. Foucauldian critical discourse analysis was used to deconstruct how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities.KEY FINDINGS: In total, 21 701 articles were retrieved in the search. Following de-duplication and screening, 23 studies from 11 different countries were included. Five major identity themes were identified: Clinician, Dispenser, Business Person, Patient Counsellor and Physician Supporter. The dispenser identity was the most widespread, but it was viewed by many pharmacists as undesirable. The clinician identity also had a strong presence but was viewed as an identity that pharmacists aspire to embody.CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review illustrates that pharmacists do not uniformly perceive themselves to be clinicians. A significant gap exists between the profession's desired identity and that embodied by practicing pharmacists. The resulting dissonance may be a contributing factor to the lack of wide-scale practice change that the profession has been seeking for decades.
KW - Humans
KW - Pharmaceutical Services
KW - Pharmacies
KW - Pharmacists
KW - Physicians
KW - Professional Role
KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
KW - professional role
KW - pharmacists
KW - SEARCH
KW - HEALTH-CARE-SYSTEM
KW - JOB-SATISFACTION
KW - ROLE INSIGHTS
KW - FUTURE
KW - SELF-PERCEPTION
KW - REFORM
KW - ATTITUDES
KW - HOSPITAL PHARMACISTS
KW - COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS
KW - professional identity
U2 - 10.1093/ijpp/riab020
DO - 10.1093/ijpp/riab020
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 33978740
SN - 0961-7671
VL - 29
SP - 299
EP - 307
JO - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
JF - International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
IS - 4
ER -