How do mandatory emergency medicine rotations contribute to the junior residents' professional identity formation: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the impact of short-term mandatory emergency medicine rotations on professional identity formation of Japanese junior residents. Using situated learning theory as a theoretical framework, we explore how this rotation, which is part of a two-year Junior residency in the transition period from students to qualified physicians. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews with Year 1 postgraduate residents in the 2020-2021 classes of the junior residency program in Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Japan (n = 10). The data obtained from the interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis to identify the themes regarding professional identity formation. RESULTS: Four main themes regarding professional identity formation emerged from the data analysis: patient care, teamwork, role models, and peers. Junior residents said they had the opportunity to participate in the emergency department community and experience training in authentic clinical contexts. Clinical exposure influenced the professional identity formation of the junior residents. Nurses and peers played a crucial role in this. Junior residents see the training in the emergency department as the beginning of their careers. CONCLUSION: Short-term mandatory rotations enabled junior residents to integrate into the emergency department community, demonstrating autonomy and responsibility. These experiences fostered their professional identity by helping their socialisation within the community of practice.