TY - JOUR
T1 - Higher protein diets consumed ad libitum improve cardiovascular risk markers in children of overweight parents from eight European countries.
AU - Damsgaard, C.T.
AU - Papadaki, A.
AU - Jensen, S.M.
AU - Ritz, C.
AU - Dalskov, S.M.
AU - Hlavaty, P.
AU - Saris, W.H.
AU - Martinez, J.A.
AU - Handjieva Darlenska, T.
AU - Andersen, M.R.
AU - Stender, S.
AU - Larsen, T.M.
AU - Astrup, A.
AU - Molgaard, C.
AU - Michaelsen, K.F.
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - Dietary strategies to improve early cardiovascular markers in overweight children are needed. We investigated the effect of dietary protein and glycemic index (GI) on cardiovascular markers and:metabolic syndrome (MetS) scores in 5- to 18-y-old children of overweight/obese parents from 8 European centers. Families were randomized to 1 of 5 diets consumed ad libitum: high protein (HP) or low protein (LP) combined with. high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI), or a control diet. At 6 centers, families received dietary instruction (instruction centers); at 2 centers, free foods were also provided (supermarket centers). Diet, anthropometry, blood pressure, and serum cardiovascular markers (lipid profile, glucose regulation, and inflammation) were measured in 253 children at baseline, 1 mo, and/or 6 mo. Protein intake was higher in the HP groups (19.9 +/- 1.3% energy) than in the LP groups at 6 mo (16.8 +/- 1.2% energy) (P = 0.001). The GI was 4.0 points lower (95% CI: 2.1, 6.1) in the LGI compared with the HGI groups (P <0.001). In the supermarket centers, the HP and LP groups differed more in protein intake than did the groups in the instruction centers (P = 0.009), indicating better compliance. The HP diets evoked a 2.7-cm (95% CI: 0.9, 5.1) smaller waist circumference and a 0.25-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.09, 0.41) lower serum LDL cholesterol compared with the LP diets at 6 mo (P <0.007). In a separate supermarket center analysis, the HP compared with LP diets reduced waist circumference (P = 0.004), blood pressure. (P <0.01), serum insulin (P = 0.013), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.016). In the instruction centers, the HP compared with the LP diets reduced LDL cholesterol (P = 0.004). No consistent effect of GI was seen and the MetS scores were not affected. In conclusion increased protein intake improved cardiovascular markers in high-risk children, particularly in those undergoing most intensive intervention.
AB - Dietary strategies to improve early cardiovascular markers in overweight children are needed. We investigated the effect of dietary protein and glycemic index (GI) on cardiovascular markers and:metabolic syndrome (MetS) scores in 5- to 18-y-old children of overweight/obese parents from 8 European centers. Families were randomized to 1 of 5 diets consumed ad libitum: high protein (HP) or low protein (LP) combined with. high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI), or a control diet. At 6 centers, families received dietary instruction (instruction centers); at 2 centers, free foods were also provided (supermarket centers). Diet, anthropometry, blood pressure, and serum cardiovascular markers (lipid profile, glucose regulation, and inflammation) were measured in 253 children at baseline, 1 mo, and/or 6 mo. Protein intake was higher in the HP groups (19.9 +/- 1.3% energy) than in the LP groups at 6 mo (16.8 +/- 1.2% energy) (P = 0.001). The GI was 4.0 points lower (95% CI: 2.1, 6.1) in the LGI compared with the HGI groups (P <0.001). In the supermarket centers, the HP and LP groups differed more in protein intake than did the groups in the instruction centers (P = 0.009), indicating better compliance. The HP diets evoked a 2.7-cm (95% CI: 0.9, 5.1) smaller waist circumference and a 0.25-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.09, 0.41) lower serum LDL cholesterol compared with the LP diets at 6 mo (P <0.007). In a separate supermarket center analysis, the HP compared with LP diets reduced waist circumference (P = 0.004), blood pressure. (P <0.01), serum insulin (P = 0.013), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.016). In the instruction centers, the HP compared with the LP diets reduced LDL cholesterol (P = 0.004). No consistent effect of GI was seen and the MetS scores were not affected. In conclusion increased protein intake improved cardiovascular markers in high-risk children, particularly in those undergoing most intensive intervention.
KW - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW - BODY-MASS INDEX
KW - METABOLIC SYNDROME
KW - GLYCEMIC INDEX
KW - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW - HEALTH OUTCOMES
KW - OBESE CHILDREN
KW - ADOLESCENTS
KW - CHILDHOOD
U2 - 10.3945/jn.112.173427
DO - 10.3945/jn.112.173427
M3 - Article
C2 - 23596158
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 143
SP - 810
EP - 817
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -