Health-related quality of life of people with type 1 diabetes: An IMI2 SOPHIA post hoc analysis of FUTURE and ADJUNCT-ONE

Aim To characterize and stratify health-related quality of life in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using body mass index (BMI) and clustering analysis. Material and Methods Baseline data on individuals with T1D were pooled from two studies. A post hoc analysis of health-related quality of life, measured using the 36-item Short-Form questionnaire, was performed, referenced to the 2010 US general population. Descriptive statistics were presented for the pooled cohort and per BMI category. K-means clustering was performed. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine differences in clinical characteristics between clusters. Results The pooled cohort consisted of 2256 individuals with T1D (age: 45.4 +/- 15.0 years, BMI: 26.2 +/- 4.6 kg/m(2), diabetes duration: 22.7 +/- 13.5 years). All quality-of-life domains were slightly lower than 50(the general population's mean), except for vitality. Individuals with a BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) reported lower scores for bodily pain, physical functioning, general health, and vitality. A first cluster with a high and a second cluster with a low quality of life were identified, with significant differences in the mental (Cluster 1: 53.8 +/- 6.8 vs. Cluster 2: 39.5 +/- 10.7; p < 0.001) and physical component summary scores (Cluster 1: 49.6 +/- 6.3 vs. Cluster 2: 35.2 +/- 12.0; p < 0.001), which exceeded differences found between BMI categories. Conclusions In our population of people living with T1D, higher BMI may have adversely impacted physical domains of quality of life, but larger differences between the high- and low-quality-of-life cluster indicate that more factors play a role.