Green Windows of Opportunity in the Global South

The green transformation has profound implications for the global economy and, hence, for the
prospects for latecomer development. In this paper we review the insights derived from case studies
of developing countries’ green technology experience. We conduct a systematic literature review
covering seven key technologies. This allows us to examine whether the green economy offers new
opportunities for latecomer development and their ability to seize these opportunities. To understand
how developing countries’ capacities to exploit these opportunities differ across cases, we focus on
sectoral systems and, particularly, on (a) preconditions allowing exploitation of these opportunities,
and (b) strategic responses of public and private actors in this respect. We identify four different
scenarios: (1) effective opportunity exploitation; (2) missed opportunities; (3) active approach; and
(4) distant opportunities. We conclude by assessing the options for policy to support developing
countries in their efforts to encourage green development strategies, focusing on both the provision
and augmentation of opportunities and construction of the requisite sectoral production and
innovation systems.