Global Initiatives, Future Challenges, and Trends for the Wider Use of Seaweed

Seaweed, despite making up half of the biomass in the sea, has not been utilised to its potential historically. However, there is growing awareness of seaweed as a resource for biobased products with environmental advantages, such as CO2 sequestration. This recognition is driving efforts to cultivate seaweed and develop the infrastructure. In a world where we are facing issues with using land-based biomass for energy, it is becoming more apparent that seaweed holds promise in addressing sustainability challenges. Seaweed-based aquaculture is also emerging as a cornerstone of sustainability in the European Union, with its growing market value poised to reach €10 billion and an annual growth rate of 6%. This potential is underpinned by the remarkable versatility of seaweed, finding applications in food, cosmetics, and biomolecules, thus fostering popularity in the European market. While regulations already exist to promote seaweed cultivation, inconsistencies and shortcomings within the framework need attention. The European Union directives law aims to limit environmental impact, keep genetic variety, prevent the cultivation of non-native species, and set up biosecurity measures. The technical and legislative barriers impede its progress in this regard. In contrast, Asian countries have successfully implemented policy frameworks that promote growth while considering economic and environmental factors. This chapter explores initiatives and advancements in seaweed-based aquaculture, shedding light on challenges and potential strategies for seaweed applications utilisation. Key areas of focus include optimising seaweed-farming techniques, global mapping projects, fostering partnerships, improving policies and setting proactive trends. These areas underscore the need for coordinated efforts to unlock the potential of seaweed for inclusive growth.