TY - JOUR
T1 - Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Child Growth A Pooled Analysis of 15 European and US Birth Cohorts
AU - Stratakis, Nikos
AU - Roumeliotaki, Theano
AU - Oken, Emily
AU - Barros, Henrique
AU - Basterrechea, Mikel
AU - Charles, Marie-Aline
AU - Eggesbo, Merete
AU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU - Gaillard, Romy
AU - Gehring, Ulrike
AU - Govarts, Eva
AU - Hanke, Wojciech
AU - Heude, Barbara
AU - Iszatt, Nina
AU - Jaddoe, Vincent W.
AU - Kelleher, Cecily
AU - Mommers, Monique
AU - Murcia, Mario
AU - Oliveira, Andreia
AU - Pizzi, Costanza
AU - Polanska, Kinga
AU - Porta, Daniela
AU - Richiardi, Lorenzo
AU - Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L.
AU - Schoeters, Greet
AU - Sunyer, Jordi
AU - Thijs, Carel
AU - Viljoen, Karien
AU - Vrijheid, Martine
AU - Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M.
AU - Wijga, Alet H.
AU - Zeegers, Maurice P.
AU - Kogevinas, Manolis
AU - Chatzi, Leda
PY - 2016/4
Y1 - 2016/4
N2 - IMPORTANCE Maternal fish intake in pregnancy has been shown to influence fetal growth. The extent to which fish intake affects childhood growth and obesity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether fish intake in pregnancy is associated with offspring growth and the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, population-based birth cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to 2011 in Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Massachusetts. A total of 26 184 pregnant women and their children were followed up at 2-year intervals until the age of 6 years. EXPOSURES Consumption of fish during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We estimated offspring body mass index percentile trajectories from 3 months after birth to 6 years of age. We defined rapid infant growth as a weight gain z score greater than 0.67 from birth to 2 years and childhood overweight/obesity at 4 and 6 years as body mass index in the 85th percentile or higher for age and sex. We calculated cohort-specific effect estimates and combined them by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS This multicenter, population-based birth cohort study included the 26 184 pregnant women and their children. The median fish intake during pregnancy ranged from 0.5 times/week in Belgium to 4.45 times/week in Spain. Women who ate fish more than 3 times/week during pregnancy gave birth to offspring with higher body mass index values from infancy through middle childhood compared with women with lower fish intake (3 times/week or less). High fish intake during pregnancy (>3 times/week) was associated with increased risk of rapid infant growth, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1.42) and increased risk of offspring overweight/obesity at 4 years (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.99-1.32]) and 6 years (aOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01-1.47]) compared with an intake of once per week or less. Interaction analysis showed that the effect of high fish intake during pregnancy on rapid infant growth was greater among girls (aOR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.08-1.59]) than among boys (aOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.92-1.34]; P = .02 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High maternal fish intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of rapid growth in infancy and childhood obesity. Our findings are in line with the fish intake limit proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency.
AB - IMPORTANCE Maternal fish intake in pregnancy has been shown to influence fetal growth. The extent to which fish intake affects childhood growth and obesity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether fish intake in pregnancy is associated with offspring growth and the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, population-based birth cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to 2011 in Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Massachusetts. A total of 26 184 pregnant women and their children were followed up at 2-year intervals until the age of 6 years. EXPOSURES Consumption of fish during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We estimated offspring body mass index percentile trajectories from 3 months after birth to 6 years of age. We defined rapid infant growth as a weight gain z score greater than 0.67 from birth to 2 years and childhood overweight/obesity at 4 and 6 years as body mass index in the 85th percentile or higher for age and sex. We calculated cohort-specific effect estimates and combined them by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS This multicenter, population-based birth cohort study included the 26 184 pregnant women and their children. The median fish intake during pregnancy ranged from 0.5 times/week in Belgium to 4.45 times/week in Spain. Women who ate fish more than 3 times/week during pregnancy gave birth to offspring with higher body mass index values from infancy through middle childhood compared with women with lower fish intake (3 times/week or less). High fish intake during pregnancy (>3 times/week) was associated with increased risk of rapid infant growth, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1.42) and increased risk of offspring overweight/obesity at 4 years (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.99-1.32]) and 6 years (aOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01-1.47]) compared with an intake of once per week or less. Interaction analysis showed that the effect of high fish intake during pregnancy on rapid infant growth was greater among girls (aOR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.08-1.59]) than among boys (aOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.92-1.34]; P = .02 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High maternal fish intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of rapid growth in infancy and childhood obesity. Our findings are in line with the fish intake limit proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency.
U2 - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4430
DO - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4430
M3 - Article
C2 - 26882542
SN - 2168-6203
VL - 170
SP - 381
EP - 390
JO - JAMA Pediatrics
JF - JAMA Pediatrics
IS - 4
ER -