Fatty Acids as a Tool to Boost Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy

Annemarie J F Westheim, Lara M Stoffels, Ludwig J Dubois, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Ardy van Helvoort, Ramon C J Langen, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Jan Theys*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

Although immunotherapy represents one of the most potent therapeutic anti-cancer approaches, only a limited number of patients shows clinical benefit. Recent evidence suggests that patients' nutritional status plays a major role in immunotherapy outcome. Fatty acids are essential in a balanced diet and well-known to influence the immune response. Moreover, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) show beneficial effects in metabolic disorders as well as in cancer and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contribute to body weight and fat free mass preservation in cancer patients. In line with these data, several studies imply a role for SCFAs and PUFAs in boosting the outcome of immunotherapy. In this review, we specifically focus on mechanistic data showing that SCFAs modulate the immunogenicity of tumor cells and we discuss the direct effects of SCFAs and PUFAs on the immune system in the context of cancer. We provide preclinical and clinical evidence indicating that SCFAs and PUFAs may have the potential to boost immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, we describe the challenges and address opportunities for successful application of nutritional interventions focusing on SCFAs and PUFAs to increase the therapeutic potential of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer.

Original languageEnglish
Article number868436
Number of pages11
JournalFrontiers in nutrition
Volume9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Jun 2022

Keywords

  • cancer
  • immunotherapy
  • fatty acid
  • SCFAs
  • PUFAs
  • CELL LUNG-CANCER
  • GUT MICROBIOTA
  • INTESTINAL BARRIER
  • ANTI-PD-1 EFFICACY
  • SODIUM-BUTYRATE
  • T-CELLS
  • INFLAMMATION
  • EXPRESSION
  • COMBINATION
  • METABOLITES

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