TY - JOUR
T1 - Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria
T2 - A Cross-Sectional Study
AU - Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
AU - Ibigbami, Olanrewaju
AU - Brown, Brandon
AU - El Tantawi, Maha
AU - Aly, Nourhan M
AU - Ezechi, Oliver C
AU - Abeldaño, Giuliana Florencia
AU - Ara, Eshrat
AU - Ayanore, Martin Amogre
AU - Ellakany, Passent
AU - Gaffar, Balgis
AU - Al-Khanati, Nuraldeen Maher
AU - Idigbe, Ifeoma
AU - Jafer, Mohammed
AU - Khan, Abeedha Tu-Allah
AU - Khalid, Zumama
AU - Lawal, Folake Barakat
AU - Lusher, Joanne
AU - Nzimande, Ntombifuthi P
AU - Popoola, Bamidele Olubukola
AU - Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali
AU - Roque, Mark
AU - Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B
AU - Yousaf, Muhammad Abrar
AU - Virtanen, Jorma I
AU - Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño
AU - Ndembi, Nicaise
AU - Nkengasong, John N
AU - Nguyen, Annie Lu
N1 - Copyright © 2022 Folayan, Ibigbami, Brown, El Tantawi, Aly, Ezechi, Abeldaño, Ara, Ayanore, Ellakany, Gaffar, Al-Khanati, Idigbe, Jafer, Khan, Khalid, Lawal, Lusher, Nzimande, Popoola, Quadri, Roque, Al-Tammemi, Yousaf, Virtanen, Zuñiga, Ndembi, Nkengasong and Nguyen.
PY - 2022/3/2
Y1 - 2022/3/2
N2 - Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.
AB - Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.
KW - Adult
KW - Anxiety/epidemiology
KW - COVID-19/epidemiology
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Depression/epidemiology
KW - Fear
KW - HIV Infections/complications
KW - Humans
KW - Nigeria/epidemiology
KW - Pandemics
KW - Sleep
KW - mental health
KW - RISK
KW - PREVALENCE
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - mental distress
KW - HIV
KW - PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS
KW - Nigeria
U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498
M3 - Article
C2 - 35309187
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 779498
ER -