Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Olanrewaju Ibigbami; Brandon Brown; Maha El Tantawi; Nourhan M Aly; Oliver C Ezechi; Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño; Eshrat Ara; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Passent Ellakany; Balgis Gaffar; Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati; Ifeoma Idigbe; Mohammed Jafer; Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan; Zumama Khalid; Folake Barakat Lawal; Joanne Lusher; Ntombifuthi P Nzimande; Bamidele Olubukola Popoola; Mir Faeq Ali Quadri; Mark Roque; Ala'a B Al-Tammemi; Muhammad Abrar Yousaf; Jorma I Virtanen; Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga; Nicaise Ndembi; John N Nkengasong; Annie Lu Nguyen

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498

Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan^*, Olanrewaju Ibigbami, Brandon Brown, Maha El Tantawi, Nourhan M Aly, Oliver C Ezechi, Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño, Eshrat Ara, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Passent Ellakany, Balgis Gaffar, Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati, Ifeoma Idigbe, Mohammed Jafer, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan, Zumama Khalid, Folake Barakat Lawal, Joanne Lusher, Ntombifuthi P Nzimande, Bamidele Olubukola PopoolaMir Faeq Ali Quadri, Mark Roque, Ala'a B Al-Tammemi, Muhammad Abrar Yousaf, Jorma I Virtanen, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Nicaise Ndembi, John N Nkengasong, Annie Lu Nguyen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.

Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.

Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.

Original language	English
Article number	779498
Number of pages	10
Journal	Frontiers in Public Health
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498
Publication status	Published - 2 Mar 2022

Keywords

Adult
Anxiety/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression/epidemiology
Fear
HIV Infections/complications
Humans
Nigeria/epidemiology
Pandemics
Sleep
mental health
RISK
PREVALENCE
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
mental distress
HIV
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS
Nigeria

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10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Folayan, M. O., Ibigbami, O., Brown, B., El Tantawi, M., Aly, N. M., Ezechi, O. C., Abeldaño, G. F., Ara, E., Ayanore, M. A., Ellakany, P., Gaffar, B., Al-Khanati, N. M., Idigbe, I., Jafer, M., Khan, A. T.-A., Khalid, Z., Lawal, F. B., Lusher, J., Nzimande, N. P., ... Nguyen, A. L. (2022). Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 779498. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498

@article{d96ddff834c649d09f94dc48c8266776,

title = "Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study",

abstract = "Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.",

keywords = "Adult, Anxiety/epidemiology, COVID-19/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression/epidemiology, Fear, HIV Infections/complications, Humans, Nigeria/epidemiology, Pandemics, Sleep, mental health, RISK, PREVALENCE, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mental distress, HIV, PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS, Nigeria",

author = "Folayan, {Morenike Oluwatoyin} and Olanrewaju Ibigbami and Brandon Brown and {El Tantawi}, Maha and Aly, {Nourhan M} and Ezechi, {Oliver C} and Abelda{\~n}o, {Giuliana Florencia} and Eshrat Ara and Ayanore, {Martin Amogre} and Passent Ellakany and Balgis Gaffar and Al-Khanati, {Nuraldeen Maher} and Ifeoma Idigbe and Mohammed Jafer and Khan, {Abeedha Tu-Allah} and Zumama Khalid and Lawal, {Folake Barakat} and Joanne Lusher and Nzimande, {Ntombifuthi P} and Popoola, {Bamidele Olubukola} and Quadri, {Mir Faeq Ali} and Mark Roque and Al-Tammemi, {Ala'a B} and Yousaf, {Muhammad Abrar} and Virtanen, {Jorma I} and Zu{\~n}iga, {Roberto Ariel Abelda{\~n}o} and Nicaise Ndembi and Nkengasong, {John N} and Nguyen, {Annie Lu}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Folayan, Ibigbami, Brown, El Tantawi, Aly, Ezechi, Abelda{\~n}o, Ara, Ayanore, Ellakany, Gaffar, Al-Khanati, Idigbe, Jafer, Khan, Khalid, Lawal, Lusher, Nzimande, Popoola, Quadri, Roque, Al-Tammemi, Yousaf, Virtanen, Zu{\~n}iga, Ndembi, Nkengasong and Nguyen.",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "2",

doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Frontiers in Public Health",

issn = "2296-2565",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A.",

}

Folayan, MO, Ibigbami, O, Brown, B, El Tantawi, M, Aly, NM, Ezechi, OC, Abeldaño, GF, Ara, E, Ayanore, MA, Ellakany, P, Gaffar, B, Al-Khanati, NM, Idigbe, I, Jafer, M, Khan, AT-A, Khalid, Z, Lawal, FB, Lusher, J, Nzimande, NP, Popoola, BO, Quadri, MFA, Roque, M, Al-Tammemi, AB, Yousaf, MA, Virtanen, JI, Zuñiga, RAA, Ndembi, N, Nkengasong, JN & Nguyen, AL 2022, 'Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study', Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 10, 779498. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498

Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. / Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Ibigbami, Olanrewaju; Brown, Brandon et al.
In: Frontiers in Public Health, Vol. 10, 779498, 02.03.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria

T2 - A Cross-Sectional Study

AU - Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin

AU - Ibigbami, Olanrewaju

AU - Brown, Brandon

AU - El Tantawi, Maha

AU - Aly, Nourhan M

AU - Ezechi, Oliver C

AU - Abeldaño, Giuliana Florencia

AU - Ara, Eshrat

AU - Ayanore, Martin Amogre

AU - Ellakany, Passent

AU - Gaffar, Balgis

AU - Al-Khanati, Nuraldeen Maher

AU - Idigbe, Ifeoma

AU - Jafer, Mohammed

AU - Khan, Abeedha Tu-Allah

AU - Khalid, Zumama

AU - Lawal, Folake Barakat

AU - Lusher, Joanne

AU - Nzimande, Ntombifuthi P

AU - Popoola, Bamidele Olubukola

AU - Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali

AU - Roque, Mark

AU - Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B

AU - Yousaf, Muhammad Abrar

AU - Virtanen, Jorma I

AU - Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño

AU - Ndembi, Nicaise

AU - Nkengasong, John N

AU - Nguyen, Annie Lu

N1 - Copyright © 2022 Folayan, Ibigbami, Brown, El Tantawi, Aly, Ezechi, Abeldaño, Ara, Ayanore, Ellakany, Gaffar, Al-Khanati, Idigbe, Jafer, Khan, Khalid, Lawal, Lusher, Nzimande, Popoola, Quadri, Roque, Al-Tammemi, Yousaf, Virtanen, Zuñiga, Ndembi, Nkengasong and Nguyen.

PY - 2022/3/2

Y1 - 2022/3/2

N2 - Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.

AB - Background: Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria.Methods: The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns.Results: In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.

KW - Adult

KW - Anxiety/epidemiology

KW - COVID-19/epidemiology

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Depression/epidemiology

KW - Fear

KW - HIV Infections/complications

KW - Humans

KW - Nigeria/epidemiology

KW - Pandemics

KW - Sleep

KW - mental health

KW - RISK

KW - PREVALENCE

KW - COVID-19

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - mental distress

KW - HIV

KW - PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS

KW - Nigeria

U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498

DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498

M3 - Article

C2 - 35309187

SN - 2296-2565

VL - 10

JO - Frontiers in Public Health

JF - Frontiers in Public Health

M1 - 779498

ER -