@article{68e216e305fd47e69022d7264118fe4b,
title = "Factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic induced post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study",
abstract = "Background Nigeria is a country with high risk for traumatic incidences, now aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify differences in COVID-19 related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people living and not living with HIV; to assess whether PTSS were associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related anger, loneliness, social isolation, and social support; and to determine the association between PTSS and use of COVID-19 prevention strategies. Methods The data of the 3761 respondents for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and wellness from a convenience sample of adults, 18 years and above, in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Information was collected on the study's dependent variable (PTSS), independent variables (self-reported COVID-19, HIV status, use of COVID-19 prevention strategies, perception of social isolation, access to emotional support, feelings of anger and loneliness), and potential confounder (age, sex at birth, employment status). A binary logistic regression model tested the associations between independent and dependent variables. Results Nearly half (47.5%) of the respondents had PTSS. People who had symptoms but were not tested (AOR = 2.20), felt socially isolated (AOR = 1.16), angry (AOR = 2.64), or lonely (AOR = 2.19) had significantly greater odds of reporting PTSS (p < 0.001). People living with HIV (AOR = 0.39), those who wore masks (AOR = 0.62) and those who had emotional support (AOR = 0.63), had lower odds of reporting PTSS (p < .05). Conclusion The present study identified some multifaceted relationships between post-traumatic stress, HIV status, facemask use, anger, loneliness, social isolation, and access to emotional support during this protracted COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have implications for the future health of those affected, particularly for individuals living in Nigeria. Public health education should be incorporated in programs targeting prevention and prompt diagnosis and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder at the community level.",
keywords = "COVID-19, DISORDER, HIV, HIV/AIDS, IMPACT, LONELINESS, Mental health disorder, Nigeria, PREVALENCE, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, PTSD, PTSD CHECKLIST, RELIABILITY, SARS-COV-2, SOCIAL SUPPORT, STUDENTS, PEOPLE",
author = "M.O. Folayan and O. Ibigbami and M. ElTantawi and G.F. Abeldano and E. Ara and M.A. Ayanore and P. Ellakany and B. Gaffar and N.M. Al-Khanati and I. Idigbe and A.O. Ishabiyi and M. Jafer and A.T.A. Khan and Z. Khalid and F.B. Lawal and J. Lusher and N.P. Nzimande and B.E. Osamika and B.O. Popoola and M.F.A. Quadri and M. Roque and A. Shamala and A.B. Al-Tammemi and M.A. Yousaf and J.I. Virtanen and R.A.A. Zuniga and J.C. Okeibunor and A.L. Nguyen",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the study participants who have participated in this study. We also acknowledge the role played by Brandon Brown, Oliver C Ezechi, Benjamin Uzochukwu with the study design; and Gbenga Ayoola, and Nneka Onyejaka with the collection of the data for this study. Funding Information: No grants was available for study implementation. We acknowledge funding from the NIH/NIA (K01 AG064986-01) solely to ALN. The contents of this paper do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1186/s12888-021-03617-0",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
journal = "BMC Psychiatry",
issn = "1471-244X",
publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd",
number = "1",
}