Expert Consensus on the Clinical Use of Pulse Wave Velocity in Asia

Arterial stiffness is a progressive aging process that predicts cardiovascular disease. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has emerged as a noninvasive, valid, and reliable measure of arterial stiffness and an independent risk predictor for adverse outcomes. However, up to now PWV measurement has mostly been used as a tool for risk prediction and has not been widely used in clincial practice. This consensus paper aims to discuss multiple PWV measurements currently available in Asia and to provide evidence-based assessment together with recommendations on the clinical use of PWV. For the methodology, PWV measurement including the central elastic artery is essential and measurements including both the central elastic and peripheral muscular arteries, such as brachial-ankle PWV and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index, can be a good alternative. As Asian populations are rapidly aging, timely detection and intervention of "early vascular aging " in terms of abnormally high PWV values is recommended. More evidence is needed to determine if a PWV-guided therapeutic approach will be beneficial to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases beyond current strategies. Large-scale randomized controlled intervention studies are needed to guide clinicians.