TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise-Induce Changes in Hemodynamics, Hormones, Electrolytes and Inflammatory Markers in Veteran Athletes with and without Coronary Atherosclerosis
AU - Janssen, Sylvan L.J.E.
AU - Aengevaeren, Vincent L.
AU - de Vries, Femke
AU - Kleinnibbelink, Geert
AU - Mingels, Alma M.A.
AU - Hopman, Maria T.E.
AU - Mosterd, Arend
AU - Velthuis, Birgitta K.
AU - Riksen, Niels P.
AU - Eijsvogels, Thijs M.H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of Interest and Funding Source: S.L.J.E.J. is financially supported by grants from Radboud University Medical Center and the Academic Alliance Fund. A.M.A.M. has received support from Abbott Diagnostics and Roche Diagnostics. V.L.A. was financially supported by a grant from the Dutch Heart Foundation (#2017T088). The other authors had no disclosures.
Publisher Copyright:
© the Author(s).
PY - 2025/1/1
Y1 - 2025/1/1
N2 - Aims: Middle-aged and older male athletes have more coronary atherosclerosis than less active peers. We aimed to explore mechanisms that can contribute to this accelerated coronary atherosclerosis by comparing exercise-induced changes in hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers across athletes with and without coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: 59 male athletes recruited from the MARC-2 study were stratified as controls (coronary artery calcium score (CACS)=0, n=20), high CACS (=300 Agatston Units or =75th MESA percentile, n=20) or significant stenosis (=50% in any coronary artery, n=19). At rest, during an exhaustive endurance cycling test and following 3 hours of recovery, we measured blood pressure and blood concentrations of PTH, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, CRP, IL-6, IL-1RA, IL-10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Results: 58 participants completed the exercise test (76±14 minutes). All biomarkers changed during exercise, except CRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Systolic blood pressure, PTH, calcium, phosphate, IL-6, IL-1RA and E-selectin concentrations increased during exercise. In contrast, diastolic blood pressure and magnesium concentrations decreased during exercise. The magnitude of exercise-induced responses of hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, cytokine, and adhesion molecule concentrations did, however, not differ across groups. Conclusions: Blood pressure, hormone, electrolyte, and cytokine concentrations changed following an exhaustive endurance exercise test, but the magnitude of these responses did not differ between athletes with versus without coronary atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in endurance athletes may not be explained by differences in responses to exercise, but by differences in exercise exposure or other mechanisms not assessed in this study.
AB - Aims: Middle-aged and older male athletes have more coronary atherosclerosis than less active peers. We aimed to explore mechanisms that can contribute to this accelerated coronary atherosclerosis by comparing exercise-induced changes in hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers across athletes with and without coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: 59 male athletes recruited from the MARC-2 study were stratified as controls (coronary artery calcium score (CACS)=0, n=20), high CACS (=300 Agatston Units or =75th MESA percentile, n=20) or significant stenosis (=50% in any coronary artery, n=19). At rest, during an exhaustive endurance cycling test and following 3 hours of recovery, we measured blood pressure and blood concentrations of PTH, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, CRP, IL-6, IL-1RA, IL-10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Results: 58 participants completed the exercise test (76±14 minutes). All biomarkers changed during exercise, except CRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Systolic blood pressure, PTH, calcium, phosphate, IL-6, IL-1RA and E-selectin concentrations increased during exercise. In contrast, diastolic blood pressure and magnesium concentrations decreased during exercise. The magnitude of exercise-induced responses of hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, cytokine, and adhesion molecule concentrations did, however, not differ across groups. Conclusions: Blood pressure, hormone, electrolyte, and cytokine concentrations changed following an exhaustive endurance exercise test, but the magnitude of these responses did not differ between athletes with versus without coronary atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in endurance athletes may not be explained by differences in responses to exercise, but by differences in exercise exposure or other mechanisms not assessed in this study.
KW - ATHLETES
KW - CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
KW - EXERCISE
KW - IMMUNOLOGY
KW - PHYSIOLOGY
U2 - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003674
DO - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003674
M3 - Article
SN - 0195-9131
JO - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
JF - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
ER -