Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and in advanced stages necrosis, is a gastrointestinal emergency in the neonate with high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancing medical care, effective prevention strategies remain sparse. Factors contributing to the complex pathogenesis of NEC include immaturity of the intestinal immune defense, barrier function, motility and local circulatory regulation and abnormal microbial colonization. Interestingly, enteral feeding is regarded as an important modifiable factor influencing NEC pathogenesis. Moreover, breast milk, which forms the currently most effective prevention strategy, contains many bioactive components that are known to support neonatal immune development and promote healthy gut colonization. This systematic review describes the effect of different enteral feeding interventions on the prevention of NEC incidence and severity and the effect on pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC, in both experimental NEC models and clinical NEC. Besides, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in human NEC development are briefly described to give context for the findings of altered pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC by enteral feeding interventions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1726 |
Number of pages | 67 |
Journal | Nutrients |
Volume | 13 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 2021 |
Keywords
- necrotizing enterocolitis
- enteral nutrition
- inflammation
- intestinal barrier function
- microbial colonization
- EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR
- PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR
- NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE
- BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS
- REUTERI DSM 17938
- ORAL GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION
- INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION
- ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS
- EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS
- NEONATAL-RAT MODEL