TY - JOUR
T1 - ENIGMA and global neuroscience
T2 - A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries
AU - Thompson, Paul M.
AU - Jahanshad, Neda
AU - Ching, Christopher R. K.
AU - Salminen, Lauren E.
AU - Thomopoulos, Sophia I.
AU - Bright, Joanna
AU - Baune, Bernhard T.
AU - Bertolin, Sara
AU - Bralten, Janita
AU - Bruin, Willem B.
AU - Buelow, Robin
AU - Chen, Jian
AU - Chye, Yann
AU - Dannlowski, Udo
AU - de Kovel, Carolien G. F.
AU - Donohoe, Gary
AU - Eyler, Lisa T.
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Favre, Pauline
AU - Filippi, Courtney A.
AU - Frodl, Thomas
AU - Garijo, Daniel
AU - Gil, Yolanda
AU - Grabe, Hans J.
AU - Grasby, Katrina L.
AU - Hajek, Tomas
AU - Han, Laura K. M.
AU - Hatton, Sean N.
AU - Hilbert, Kevin
AU - Ho, Tiffany C.
AU - Holleran, Laurena
AU - Homuth, Georg
AU - Hosten, Norbert
AU - Houenou, Josselin
AU - Ivanov, Iliyan
AU - Jia, Tianye
AU - Kelly, Sinead
AU - Klein, Marieke
AU - Kwon, Jun Soo
AU - Laansma, Max A.
AU - Leerssen, Jeanne
AU - Lueken, Ulrike
AU - Nunes, Abraham
AU - Neill, Joseph O'
AU - Opel, Nils
AU - Piras, Fabrizio
AU - Piras, Federica
AU - Postema, Merel C.
AU - Pozzi, Elena
AU - Hernaus, Dennis
AU - ENIGMA Consortium
N1 - Funding Information:
The work reported here was supported in part by many public and private agencies across the world. Individual authors’ funding is listed in Supplementary Appendix B. Core funding for ENIGMA was provided by the NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) program under consortium grant U54 EB020403, by the ENIGMA World Aging Center (R56 AG058854), and by the ENIGMA Sex Differences Initiative (R01 MH116147). Additional support was provided by grants to the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working Group (R01 MH111671; PI: RAM), the ENIGMA-Addiction Working Group (R01 DA047119; to H.P.G. and P.J.C.), the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior Working Group (R01 MH117601; to N.J. and L.S.), the ENIGMA Epilepsy Working Group (R01 NS107739; to C.R.M.), a genotyping grant from the Australian NHMRC (APP1103623 and APP1158127; to SEM), a German federal grant to the ENIGMA Task-Related fMRI Group (ER724/4-1 and WA1539/11-1; to H.W. and I.M.V.), a Kavli Foundation Neuroscience without Borders seed grant (to N.J. and P.M.T.), an NIH instrumentation grant (S10 OD023696 to P.K.), and K01 HD091283 (to S. L.L.). We thank all scientists and participants in ENIGMA who made this work possible. A full list of ENIGMA Consortium current and past members can be found here http://enigma.ini.usc.edu/ongoing/members/.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/3/20
Y1 - 2020/3/20
N2 - This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
AB - This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
KW - ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE
KW - DISORDER
KW - ENDOPHENOTYPE CONCEPT
KW - GENETIC INFLUENCES
KW - HERITABILITY ANALYSIS
KW - MEGA-ANALYSIS
KW - RISK
KW - SCHIZOPHRENIA
KW - VOLUMES
KW - WORKING
KW - OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
U2 - 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1
DO - 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 32198361
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 10
JO - Translational Psychiatry
JF - Translational Psychiatry
IS - 1
M1 - 100
ER -