TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy Expenditure during Extreme Endurance Exercise
T2 - The Giro d'Italia
AU - Plasqui, Guy
AU - Rietjens, Gerard
AU - Lambriks, Lars
AU - Wouters, Loek
AU - Saris, Wim H. M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - Purpose Little data are available on doubly labeled water (DLW) assessed total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) during extreme endurance exercise. Doubly labeled water is considered the gold standard to measure TDEE, but different calculations are being used, which may have a large impact on the results. The aim of the current study was to measure TDEE during the Giro d'Italia and apply two different calculation methods.Methods Seven male cyclists (age, 28 5 yr; body mass index, 22.1 2.1 kgm(-2)) completed the 24-d professional cycling race Giro d'Italia in which a total distance of 3445 km was covered, including 10 mountain stages. Total daily energy expenditure was measured over the entire duration of the race, with the ingestion of DLW at three different time points. To calculate TDEE and body composition, the isotope dilution space was calculated using two different techniques, the plateau and intercept technique.Results The %fat mass at baseline was 7.8% and 16.8% with the plateau and intercept technique respectively and did not significantly change over the course of the race. Total daily energy expenditure was on average 32.3 +/- 3.4 MJd(-1) using the plateau technique versus 28.9 +/- 3.2 using the intercept technique, resulting in an average physical activity level (PAL) of 4.37 +/- 0.43 versus 3.91 +/- 0.39, respectively. The dilution space ratio was on average 1.030 with the plateau and 1.060 with the intercept technique.Conclusions Given that the observed dilution space ratio with the plateau technique is similar as the expected ratio from literature and the % fat mass of 7.8% is more realistic for the athletes being studied, we propose the application of the plateau rather than the intercept method, when using DLW during extreme endurance exercise.
AB - Purpose Little data are available on doubly labeled water (DLW) assessed total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) during extreme endurance exercise. Doubly labeled water is considered the gold standard to measure TDEE, but different calculations are being used, which may have a large impact on the results. The aim of the current study was to measure TDEE during the Giro d'Italia and apply two different calculation methods.Methods Seven male cyclists (age, 28 5 yr; body mass index, 22.1 2.1 kgm(-2)) completed the 24-d professional cycling race Giro d'Italia in which a total distance of 3445 km was covered, including 10 mountain stages. Total daily energy expenditure was measured over the entire duration of the race, with the ingestion of DLW at three different time points. To calculate TDEE and body composition, the isotope dilution space was calculated using two different techniques, the plateau and intercept technique.Results The %fat mass at baseline was 7.8% and 16.8% with the plateau and intercept technique respectively and did not significantly change over the course of the race. Total daily energy expenditure was on average 32.3 +/- 3.4 MJd(-1) using the plateau technique versus 28.9 +/- 3.2 using the intercept technique, resulting in an average physical activity level (PAL) of 4.37 +/- 0.43 versus 3.91 +/- 0.39, respectively. The dilution space ratio was on average 1.030 with the plateau and 1.060 with the intercept technique.Conclusions Given that the observed dilution space ratio with the plateau technique is similar as the expected ratio from literature and the % fat mass of 7.8% is more realistic for the athletes being studied, we propose the application of the plateau rather than the intercept method, when using DLW during extreme endurance exercise.
KW - DOUBLY LABELED WATER
KW - CYCLING
KW - PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES
KW - PLATEAU VERSUS INTERCEPT
KW - DOUBLY-LABELED WATER
KW - BASAL METABOLIC-RATE
KW - BODY-COMPOSITION
KW - HUMANS
KW - PERFORMANCE
KW - MASS
UR - http://ovidsp.dc2.ovid.com/sp-4.01.0a/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=DBBJFPPMIHEBCLCBIPCKHFEHEOPDAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Full%2bText%3dL%257cS.sh.22.23%257c0%257c00005768-201903000-00022%26S%3dDBBJFPPMIHEBCLCBIPCKHFEHEOPDAA00&directlink=http%3a%2f%2fovidsp.dc2.ovid.com%2fovftpdfs%2fFPEBIPEHHFCBIH00%2ffs046%2fovft%2flive%2fgv023%2f00005768%2f00005768-201903000-00022.pdf&filename=Energy+Expenditure+during+Extreme+Endurance+Exercise%3a++The+Giro+d%27Italia.&pdf_key=FPEBIPEHHFCBIH00&pdf_index=/fs046/ovft/live/gv023/00005768/00005768-201903000-00022
U2 - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001814
DO - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001814
M3 - Article
C2 - 30363009
SN - 0195-9131
VL - 51
SP - 568
EP - 574
JO - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
JF - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
IS - 3
ER -