Abstract
The effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are not clear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplements on fasting flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a validated marker to assess CVD risk. Randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by a systematic search till July 2014. Seven RCTs studying the effects of vitamin E supplements (range: 300 to 1800 IU per day) and nine RCTs examining the effects of vitamin D supplements, that involved, respectively, 303 and 658 adults, were included. No studies with carotenoid or vitamin K supplements were found. Vitamin E supplementation increased FMD vs. control by 2.42% (95% CI: 0.46% to 4.37%; p = 0.015). No effects of vitamin D supplementation were found (0.15%; 95% CI: -0.21% to 0.51%; p = 0.41). These effects did not depend on subject characteristics, treatment characteristics or technical aspects of the FMD measurement. However, no dose-response relationship was evident for vitamin E, statistical significance depended on one study, while the levels of supplement were far above recommended intakes. The current meta-analysis, therefore, does not provide unambiguous evidence to support the use of fat-soluble vitamin supplements to improve fasting FMD in adults.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1728-1743 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Nutrients |
Volume | 7 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2015 |
Keywords
- IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
- TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS
- VASCULAR HEALTH
- BRACHIAL-ARTERY
- BLOOD-PRESSURE
- ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
- DIETARY-INTAKE
- INSULIN ACTION
- D DEFICIENCY
- ALL-CAUSE