TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of SMR Neurofeedback on Cognitive Functions in an Adult Population with Sleep Problems
T2 - A Tele-neurofeedback Study
AU - Kolken, Ylka
AU - Bouny, Pierre
AU - Arns, Martijn
N1 - © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - A good night's sleep is vital for normal human cognitive performance. We earlier reported that a home-based tele-neurofeedback program effectively reduced sleep problems (Krepel et al. in Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-021-09525-z , 2021). The present article presents a follow-up on this earlier study and investigates improvements in cognitive functions after sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback. Thirty-seven participants reporting sleep problems received SMR neurofeedback. Cognitive measures were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Measurements included a continuous performance/working memory (CPT/WM) task, Stroop task, and Trailmaking A and B test (from the IntegNeuro cognitive test battery). For neurofeedback-Learners relative to non-Learners significantly improved CPT/WM response time (d = 0.50), omission errors (d = 0.67), and Stroop incongruent performance (d = 0.72) were found. A significant time effect for both groups were found for the Stroop, the Trailmaking test part B (d = 0.52), and the Stroop interference score (d = 0.55). No significant correlations between changes in sleep and changes in cognition (p > 0.05) were found for the sample. SMR neurofeedback specifically improved measures of attention (response time and omission errors in a CPT/WM test) and working memory (Stroop incongruent) for SMR Learners compared to non-Learners with medium effect sizes. Furthermore, overall improvements for the whole sample were found on measures of executive function and visual attention, possibly reflecting non-specific or practice effects. Future better powered randomized control trials are needed to investigate if cognitive improvements are a direct effect of SMR neurofeedback or mediated by sleep improvements.
AB - A good night's sleep is vital for normal human cognitive performance. We earlier reported that a home-based tele-neurofeedback program effectively reduced sleep problems (Krepel et al. in Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-021-09525-z , 2021). The present article presents a follow-up on this earlier study and investigates improvements in cognitive functions after sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback. Thirty-seven participants reporting sleep problems received SMR neurofeedback. Cognitive measures were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Measurements included a continuous performance/working memory (CPT/WM) task, Stroop task, and Trailmaking A and B test (from the IntegNeuro cognitive test battery). For neurofeedback-Learners relative to non-Learners significantly improved CPT/WM response time (d = 0.50), omission errors (d = 0.67), and Stroop incongruent performance (d = 0.72) were found. A significant time effect for both groups were found for the Stroop, the Trailmaking test part B (d = 0.52), and the Stroop interference score (d = 0.55). No significant correlations between changes in sleep and changes in cognition (p > 0.05) were found for the sample. SMR neurofeedback specifically improved measures of attention (response time and omission errors in a CPT/WM test) and working memory (Stroop incongruent) for SMR Learners compared to non-Learners with medium effect sizes. Furthermore, overall improvements for the whole sample were found on measures of executive function and visual attention, possibly reflecting non-specific or practice effects. Future better powered randomized control trials are needed to investigate if cognitive improvements are a direct effect of SMR neurofeedback or mediated by sleep improvements.
U2 - 10.1007/s10484-022-09560-4
DO - 10.1007/s10484-022-09560-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 36114953
SN - 1090-0586
VL - 48
SP - 27
EP - 33
JO - Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
JF - Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
IS - 1
ER -