Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Earlier studies in our group suggested that traditionally prepared buttermilk influences cholesterol metabolism. We therefore designed a study to evaluate whether traditionally prepared buttermilk lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or prevents the LDL-C raising effect of egg yolks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomly allocated to one of four diet groups consuming daily at lunch 80 ml skimmed milk with (n = 23) or without (n = 25) lutein-enriched egg yolk (28 g from 1.5 eggs providing 323 mg cholesterol) or traditionally prepared buttermilk with (n = 23) or without (n = 21) lutein-enriched egg yolk during a 12 week period. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure concentrations of serum lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, liver and kidney function markers, and plasma lutein, zeaxanthin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Egg yolk consumption significantly increased serum total cholesterol (total-C) (p = 0.035) and LDL-C concentrations (p = 0.022). Buttermilk did not change the effects of egg yolk on serum lipids and (apo)lipoproteins. There was a trend towards significant lower total-C (p = 0.077), but not LDL-C (p = 0.204) concentrations in the buttermilk groups. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the egg yolk groups. CONCLUSION: In mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects, daily consumption of traditionally prepared buttermilk for 12 weeks did not lower serum total-C or LDL-C concentrations, nor did it prevent the serum total-C and LDL-C raising effect of daily egg yolk consumption. REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01566305.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 210-217 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2015 |
Keywords
- Buttermilk
- Egg yolk
- Cholesterol
- Serum lipids
- Milk polar lipids
- Lutein
- Zeaxanthin
- INTESTINAL CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION
- LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS
- ZEAXANTHIN CONCENTRATIONS
- CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES
- DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL
- CONSUMPTION
- MEN
- CAROTENOIDS
- METABOLISM
- PLASMA