Early-onset preeclampsia predisposes to preclinical diastolic left ventricular dysfunction in the fifth decade of life: An observational study

Anouk Bokslag, Constantijn Franssen, Lisa J. Alma, Igor Kovacevic, Floortje van Kesteren, Pim W. Teunissen, Otto Kamp, Wessel Ganzevoort, Peter L. Hordijk, Christianne J. M. de Groot, Walter J. Paulus*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and deficient vascularization of either uterus or myocardium are mechanistic hallmarks of early-onset preeclampsia and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is especially prevalent in elderly women and preceded in middle age by preclinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. To detect if preeclampsia predisposes to HFpEF at later age, echocardiographic indices of LV function and of LV structure and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and of endothelial dysfunction were compared in middle-aged women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia or uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods and findings Middle-aged women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia (n = 131) or uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 56) were prospectively recruited 9 to 16 years after pregnancy. Women with a history of preeclampsia had higher body mass index (p = 0.006), blood pressure (p<0.001) and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.005) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (p = 0.014). They had thicker septal (p = 0.001) and posterior (p = 0.003) LV walls and worse diastolic LV function evident from reduced mean mitral annular lengthening velocity (E'mean; p = 0.007) and higher ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity (E) over E'mean (E/E'mean; p<0.001). Differences of sICAM-1, E'mean and E/E'mean remained significant after accounting for BMI and blood pressure. Conclusions History of preeclampsia predisposes in middle age to worse LV diastolic function, which could increase the likelihood of later HFpEF development. This predisposition derives not only from persistent cardiovascular risk but may also be caused by persistent endothelial dysfunction hindering adequate vascularization in the uterus during pregnancy and in the myocardium in middle age.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0198908
Number of pages14
JournalPLOS ONE
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Jun 2018

Keywords

  • PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
  • CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE
  • HEART-FAILURE
  • ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
  • NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
  • CARDIAC STRUCTURE
  • WOMEN
  • BIOMARKERS
  • PREGNANCY
  • RISK

Cite this