TY - JOUR
T1 - Dysregulated Tear Fluid Nociception-Associated Factors, Corneal Dendritic Cell Density, and Vitamin D Levels in Evaporative Dry Eye
AU - Khamar, Pooja
AU - Nair, Archana Padmanabhan
AU - Shetty, Rohit
AU - Vaidya, Tanuja
AU - Subramani, Murali
AU - Ponnalagu, Murugeswari
AU - Dhamodaran, Kamesh
AU - D'souza, Sharon
AU - Ghosh, Anuprita
AU - Pahuja, Natasha
AU - Deshmukh, Rashmi
AU - Ahuja, Prerna
AU - Sainani, Kanchan
AU - Nuijts, Rudy M. M. A.
AU - Das, Debashish
AU - Ghosh, Arkasubhra
AU - Sethu, Swaminathan
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by an Early Career Research Award, DST-SERB, Government of India to SS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to study the status and association among tear-soluble factors, corneal dendritic cell density, vitamin D, and signs and symptoms in dry eye disease (DED).METHODS. A total of 33 control subjects and 47 evaporative dry eye patients were included in the study. DED diagnosis and classification was based on the 2017 Report of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS II). DED workup, including tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I (STI), corneal and conjunctival staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring, and in vivo confocal microscopy (to assess corneal dendritic cell density [cDCD] and subbasal nerve plexus [SBNP] features) was performed in the study subjects. Tear fluid using Schirmer's strip and serum were collected from the subjects. Multiplex ELISA or single analyte ELISA was performed to measure 34 tear-soluble factors levels including vitamin D.RESULTS. Significantly higher OSDI discomfort score, lower TBUT, and lower STI were observed in DED patients. cDCD was significantly higher in DED patients. No significant difference was observed in SBNP features. Tear fluid IL-1 beta, IL-17A, MMP9, MMP10, MMP9/TIMP ratio, and VEGF-B were significantly higher in DED patients. Significantly lower tear fluid IL-2, IP-10, NPY, VEGF-A, and vitamin D was observed in DED patients. These dysregulated tear factors showed significant associations with DED signs and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS. Altered tear fluid soluble factors with potential to modulate nociception exhibited a distinct association with ocular surface discomfort status, TBUT, STI, and cDCD. This implies a functional relationship between the various tear-soluble factors and dry eye pathogenesis, indicating new molecular targets for designing targeted therapies.
AB - PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to study the status and association among tear-soluble factors, corneal dendritic cell density, vitamin D, and signs and symptoms in dry eye disease (DED).METHODS. A total of 33 control subjects and 47 evaporative dry eye patients were included in the study. DED diagnosis and classification was based on the 2017 Report of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS II). DED workup, including tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I (STI), corneal and conjunctival staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring, and in vivo confocal microscopy (to assess corneal dendritic cell density [cDCD] and subbasal nerve plexus [SBNP] features) was performed in the study subjects. Tear fluid using Schirmer's strip and serum were collected from the subjects. Multiplex ELISA or single analyte ELISA was performed to measure 34 tear-soluble factors levels including vitamin D.RESULTS. Significantly higher OSDI discomfort score, lower TBUT, and lower STI were observed in DED patients. cDCD was significantly higher in DED patients. No significant difference was observed in SBNP features. Tear fluid IL-1 beta, IL-17A, MMP9, MMP10, MMP9/TIMP ratio, and VEGF-B were significantly higher in DED patients. Significantly lower tear fluid IL-2, IP-10, NPY, VEGF-A, and vitamin D was observed in DED patients. These dysregulated tear factors showed significant associations with DED signs and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS. Altered tear fluid soluble factors with potential to modulate nociception exhibited a distinct association with ocular surface discomfort status, TBUT, STI, and cDCD. This implies a functional relationship between the various tear-soluble factors and dry eye pathogenesis, indicating new molecular targets for designing targeted therapies.
KW - dry eye disease
KW - corneal dendritic cells
KW - nociception
KW - inflammation
KW - vitamin D
KW - INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE-THERAPY
KW - NEUROPEPTIDE-Y
KW - D DEFICIENCY
KW - PAIN
KW - RECEPTOR
KW - DISEASE
KW - SUPPLEMENTATION
KW - ANTINOCICEPTION
KW - EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW - MECHANISMS
U2 - 10.1167/iovs.19-26914
DO - 10.1167/iovs.19-26914
M3 - Article
C2 - 31195410
SN - 0146-0404
VL - 60
SP - 2532
EP - 2542
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
IS - 7
ER -