Dynamics of clinical markers reflecting malnutrition, inflammation in hemodialysis patients, and their associations with outcomes

Around 40% of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis are suffering from complicated protein-energy wasting (PEW) syndrome. However, routinely assess PEW is not easily achievable in busy clinical settings. The current research focuses on researching the clinical and biomedical factors that are associated with PEW and their associations with adverse outcomes in dialysis patients. The current research introduced a nutritional composite score, which can be used and applied in practice to monitor patients’ nutritional status. Lots of times, it is tried to encourage malnourished patients to eat more, however, patients are also recommended to avoid overeating (e.g. higher levels of serum phosphate found to be associated with worst outcomes). Later, the simplified creatinine index is introduced, which can be used to monitor muscle mass in resource-limited settings. Last, the findings of lower levels of low-density lipoproteins and its association with a higher risk of mortality, add insights to the fact that malnourished patients are with a higher risk of death. All the work conducted by the current research provides additional clinically relevant insights into the links between factors that are associated with PEW and outcomes in the dialysis population.