@article{c7dde0cd4b4840a7a0c5e4282f061c64,
title = "Different Spectral Analysis Methods for the Theta/Beta Ratio Calculate Different Ratios But Do Not Distinguish ADHD from Controls",
abstract = "There has been ongoing research on the ratio of theta to beta power (Theta/Beta Ratio, TBR) as an EEG-based test in the diagnosis of ADHD. Earlier studies reported significant TBR differences between patients with ADHD and controls. However, a recent meta-analysis revealed a marked decline of effect size for the difference in TBR between ADHD and controls for studies published in the past decade. Here, we test if differences in EEG processing explain the heterogeneity of findings. We analyzed EEG data from two multi-center clinical studies. Five different EEG signal processing algorithms were applied to calculate the TBR. Differences between resulting TBRs were subsequently assessed for clinical usability in the iSPOT-A dataset. Although there were significant differences in the resulting TBRs, none distinguished between children with and without ADHD, and no consistent associations with ADHD symptoms arose. Different methods for EEG signal processing result in significantly different TBRs. However, none of the methods significantly distinguished between ADHD and healthy controls in our sample. The secular effect size decline for the TBR is most likely explained by factors other than differences in EEG signal processing, e.g. fewer hours of sleep in participants and differences in inclusion criteria for healthy controls.",
keywords = "ADHD, BEHAVIOR, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, EEG, ICAN, POWER SPECTRA, RELIABILITY, Spectral analysis methods, TIME, Theta-Beta-Ratio, iSPOT-A",
author = "{van Dijk}, Hanneke and Roger deBeus and Cynthia Kerson and Roley-Roberts, {Michelle E} and Monastra, {Vincent J} and Arnold, {L Eugene} and Xueliang Pan and Martijn Arns",
note = "Funding Information: ICAN investigators were, in alphabetical order of last name: L. Eugene Arnold, M.D. (OSU), Martijn Arns, Ph.D. (Research Institute Brainclinics & Utrecht University), Justin Barterian, Ph.D. (OSU), Sudeshna Dasgupta, M.D. (UNCA), Roger deBeus, Ph.D. (UNCA), Laurence Hirshberg, Ph.D. (Brown University), Jill A. Hollway, Ph.D., M.A. (OSU), Cynthia Kerson, Ph.D. (Saybrook University, APEd), Helena Kraemer, Ph.D. (Stanford University), Joel Lubar, Ph.D. (University of Tennessee), Keith McBurnett, Ph.D. (UCSF), Vincent Monastra, Ph.D. (FPI Attention Disorders Clinic), Robert Rice, Jr., Ph.D. (OSU), Xueliang Pan, Ph.D. (OSU), and Craig Williams, M.D. (OSU). Post-docs were: Sarah Black, Ph.D. (OSU), Michelle Roley-Roberts, Ph.D. (OSU), and Quyen Wells, Ph.D. (OSU). Coordinators, trainers, and other staff contributing essentially to the study were, in alphabetical order: Rachel Bergman, BA (OSU), Shea Connor, BA (UNCA), Teryl Higgins, M.A. (UNCA), Noelle McConnell, BS (UNCA), Mae Nicopolis, BA (UNCA), Kristin Page, BS (OSU), Yubo Tan, M.A. (OSU), Rachel Rhodes, MLAS (UNCA), Constance Schrader, M.A. (UNCA). Funding Information: Some of the data for this report came from the International Collaborative ADHD Neurofeedback (ICAN) study, a two-site randomized controlled trial funded by NIMH Grant R01 MH 100144 to Ohio State University (OSU; L. Eugene Arnold, M.D., PI) with subaward to University of North Carolina at Asheville (UNCA; Roger deBeus, Ph.D., PI) and by the Center for Clinical and Translational Science at The Ohio State University (ARRA Pilot Project UL1 RR025755 project 60023888). The iSPOT-A study was funded entirely by Brain Resource (BRC). Acknowledgements Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1007/s10484-020-09471-2",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "165--173",
journal = "Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback",
issn = "1090-0586",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "3",
}