Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men

Ellen T. H. C. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. Joris*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Purpose Well-designed trials comparing side-by-side effects of macronutrients on postprandial endothelial function are missing. Therefore, we investigated under well-controlled and isocaloric condition effects of fat, carbohydrates, and protein on postprandial endothelial function as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an important non-invasive technique to assess endothelial function. Methods Eighteen apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men (BMI 26.0-35.0 kg/m(2)) completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of three test days each separated by a wash-out period of at least 1 week. After an overnight fast, men received an isocaloric meal providing 3987 kJ (953 kcal) that was either high in dietary fat (En% fat [F]/carbohydrates [C]/protein [P]: 52.3, 39.2, 8.0), carbohydrates (En% F/C/P: 9.6, 81.5, 8.6), or protein (En% F/C/P: 10.6, 51.5, 36.9). Fasting and 2-h postprandial FMD responses were measured. Results A postprandial decrease of 1.2% point in FMD was observed after the high-protein meal (P = 0.015). However, postprandial changes did not differ between meals (P = 0.45). An increase in baseline brachial artery diameters was observed after the high-protein meal (P <0.001) and changes differed between meals (P = 0.020). A meal*time interaction was found for plasma glucose concentrations, with the most pronounced increases after the high-carbohydrate meal at T15, T30, T60, and T90 (P <0.05).A significant time and meal (P <0.001), but no time*meal effect (P = 0.06) was found for serum insulin concentrations. Increases in serum triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between meals (P = 0.014). Conclusion Macronutrients did not differently affect postprandial endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1443-1451
Number of pages9
JournalEuropean Journal of Nutrition
Volume60
Issue number3
Early online date29 Jul 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2021

Keywords

  • Flow-mediated vasodilation
  • Dietary macronutrients
  • Postprandial
  • Endothelial function
  • Nitric oxide
  • NITRIC-OXIDE
  • HYPERGLYCEMIA
  • IMPROVES
  • LIPEMIA
  • MEAL
  • CONSUMPTION

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