@article{b80a58834aa14f4b8556992dfdb89e86,
title = "Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: Parent and adolescent version",
abstract = "Suitable instruments for measuring Food Parenting Practices (FPP) among adolescents and their parents that also measure the perception of adolescents about their parent's FPP are rare. The current study describes the development and preliminary testing of a short 16-item Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) for parents (AFPQ-p) and adolescents (AFPQ-a) that may enable future large-scale research on potentially eminent parent-child FPP discrepancy. Participants included 381 parents (73.8 % mothers; M-age 45.9, 26.2% fathers; M-age 49.1) and their adolescent children (aged 12-16) who participated in the Dutch {"}G(F)OOD together{"} study. Most parents finished higher professional education (mothers: 44.3 %; fathers: 34.4 %) and performed a paid job of 32 h per week or more (mothers: 22.1 %; fathers: 60.0 %). The theoretical framework of Vaughn (2016) was leading in the development of the AFPQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a random split sample of parent-adolescent dyads and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the other half. The EFA in both parent and adolescent samples resulted in a clear 5 factor solution explaining 61.6 % (AFPQ-p) and 64.2 % (AFPQ-a) of the variance respectively, representing the factors Autonomy Support (alpha = 0.79/.82), Coercive Control (alpha = 0.85/.83), Snack Structure (alpha = 0.79/75), Healthy Structure (alpha = 0.78/74) and Modelling (alpha = 0.69/85). CFA confirmed good model fit for the AFPQ-p and the AFPQ-a. Associations with adolescent self-reported food intake were in the expected direction, confirming the preliminary convergent validity of the instrument among a moderate to highly educated group of parent-adolescent dyads. Although the AFPQ provides a promising short instrument, future research in more diverse samples is needed to build evidence on the instrument's psychometric characteristics in other groups.",
keywords = "Food parenting practices, Adolescent diet, Questionnaire development, Validation, CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES, SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, EATING BEHAVIORS, ASSOCIATIONS, PERCEPTIONS, WEIGHT, FATHERS, OBESITY, STYLES",
author = "M. Koning and J. Vink and N. Notten and D. Gevers and R. Eisinga and J. Larsen",
note = "Funding Information: We received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or non-profit sectors. This study was funded by the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands . The study received no external funding. The analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of this manuscript were funded by Windesheim University of Applied Sciences and the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands . Funding Information: Pearson correlations between food parenting constructs and adolescent food intake at home or taken from home are shown in Table 4. Autonomy Support reported by parents was negatively associated with SSB (r = -.11), sweet snack (r = -.18) and savory snack intake (r = -.20) and positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (r = 0.18) of adolescents. The pattern reported by adolescents was the same, with correlations of respectively -.14, -.14, -.23 and 0.24 for the associations mentioned above. Healthy Structure reported by parents was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (r = 0.25) in adolescents. A different pattern was seen in Healthy Structure as reported by adolescents, this was negatively associated with their SSB intake (r = -.11), sweet snack (r = -.10) and savory snack intake (r = -.25). Similarly to the pattern in parents, a positive association was found with their fruit and vegetable intake (r = 0.35). Snack Structure reported by parents was negatively associated with SSB intake (r = -.14) in adolescents. Snack Structure reported by adolescents was also negatively associated with SSB intake (r = -.23), but also with sweet snack (r = -.21) and savory snack intake (r = .-18). Contrary to expectations, food modelling as reported by parents was positively associated with savory snack intake (r = 0.13) in adolescents. Coercive Control reported by adolescents was positively associated with their intake of sweet snacks (r = 0.26).Notably, the most consistent finding is that Autonomy Support was associated with less unhealthy intake (SSB, sweet snack and savory snack intake at home or taken from home) and more healthy food intake (fruit and vegetable intake at home or taken from home) in both parents and adolescents. Autonomy supportive practices are practices which are used mostly in the home context and, as such, may be perceived as similarly evident for both parents and adolescents. Although correlations between adolescent and parent reported FPP were generally low or lacking, the correlation for Autonomy Support was relatively high compared to other parent-child FPP correlations. We suggest that, given adolescents? emerging desire to become autonomous individuals, parental autonomy support may be especially important for supporting autonomous food choices during this developmental period.We received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or non-profit sectors. This study was funded by the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The study received no external funding. The analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of this manuscript were funded by Windesheim University of Applied Sciences and the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618",
language = "English",
volume = "167",
journal = "Appetite",
issn = "0195-6663",
publisher = "Elsevier Science",
}