Development and external validation of prediction models to predict implantable cardioverter-defibrillator efficacy in primary prevention of sudden cardiac death

T.E. Verstraelen*, M. van Barreveld*, P.H.F.M. van Dessel, L.V.A. Boersma, P.P.P.H.M. Delnoy, A.E. Tuinenburg, D.A.M.J. Theuns, P.H. van der Voort, G.P. Kimman, E. Buskens, M. Hulleman, C.P. Allaart, S. Strikwerda, M.F. Scholten, M. Meine, R. Abels, A.H. Maass, M. Firouzi, J.W.M.G. Widdershoven, J. EldersM.W.F. van Gent, M. Khan, K. Vernooy, R.W. Grauss, R. Tukkie, L. van Erven, H.A.M. Spierenburg, M.A. Brouwer, G.L. Bartels, N.R. Bijsterveld, A.E.B. van der Burg, M.W. Vet, R. Derksen, R.E. Knops, F.A.L.E. Bracke, M. Harden, C. Sticherling, R. Willems, T. Friede, M. Zabel, M.G.W. Dijkgraaf, A.H. Zwinderman, A.A.M. Wilde

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Aims This study was performed to develop and externally validate prediction models for appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shock and mortality to identify subgroups with insufficient benefit from ICD implantation.Methods and results We recruited patients scheduled for primary prevention ICD implantation and reduced left ventricular function. Bootstrapping-based Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray competing risk models with likely candidate predictors were developed for all-cause mortality and appropriate ICD shock, respectively. Between 2014 and 2018, we included 1441 consecutive patients in the development and 1450 patients in the validation cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.4 (IQR 2.1-2.8) years, 109 (7.6%) patients received appropriate ICD shock and 193 (13.4%) died in the development cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.7 (IQR 2.0-3.4) years, 105 (7.2%) received appropriate ICD shock and 223 (15.4%) died in the validation cohort. Selected predictors of appropriate ICD shock were gender, NSVT, ACE/ARB use, atrial fibrillation history, Aldosterone-antagonist use, Digoxin use, eGFR, (N)OAC use, and peripheral vascular disease. Selected predictors of all-cause mortality were age, diuretic use, sodium, NT-pro-BNP, and ACE/ARB use. C-statistic was 0.61 and 0.60 at respectively internal and external validation for appropriate ICD shock and 0.74 at both internal and external validation for mortality.Conclusion Although this cohort study was specifically designed to develop prediction models, risk stratification still remains challenging and no large group with insufficient benefit of ICD implantation was found. However, the prediction models have some clinical utility as we present several scenarios where ICD implantation might be postponed.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)887-897
Number of pages11
JournalEP Europace
Volume23
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2021

Keywords

  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
  • Primary prevention
  • Risk factors
  • Mortality
  • Sudden cardiac death
  • Prediction models
  • RISK STRATIFICATION
  • GUIDELINES
  • MANAGEMENT
  • DIAGNOSIS
  • BENEFITS
  • THERAPY
  • ESC

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