TY - JOUR
T1 - Developing a Systematic Approach for the Implementation of Medical Extended Reality Learning Modules in Cardiothoracic Health Care
T2 - Recommendations From an International Expert Group
AU - Mahtab, Edris A.F.
AU - Max, Samuel A.
AU - Braun, Jerry
AU - Regeer, Madelien V.
AU - Kaufman, Brian
AU - Dunning, Joel
AU - Bibleraaj, Bhuvaneswari
AU - Andreas, Martin
AU - Rodríguez Lecoq, Rafael
AU - Klinceva, Milka
AU - Rosalia, Rodney
AU - Lorusso, Roberto
AU - Bruining, Nico
AU - Egorova, Anastasia D.
N1 - Funding Information:
For this paper, an international consortium \u2014VR-SimPort, was established including academic institutions, hospitals, and private sector partners cofunded by the European Union Erasmus Plus Cooperation Partnerships, Leiden University Medical Center Fellowship Grant 2023 as well as Dutch Heart Institute. This article 1) formulates a systematic approach to technical development of an XR modality for clinical educational use via 9 predefined steps as well as 2) stages for generation of a business-case, and 3) examples for generation of clinical evidence both to be carried out prior to the development and implementation of an XR simulation tool. The established virtual reality (VR)-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulator (VR-CPR) is used for illustrative purposes throughout the paper. 6 , 7
Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors
PY - 2025/3/1
Y1 - 2025/3/1
N2 - Extended reality (XR) modalities in health care are quickly evolving. There is a lack of systematically described developmental process and the “how to” execute a business-case guidance. This article formulates a systematic approach on the technical developmental steps and generation of business-case to guide the iterative development of an XR tool. An international expert group was established and several available frameworks related to entrepreneurship and business-case development were used to generate recommendations. Our ongoing experience with the development life cycle of an XR tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is provided as a real-life case illustration. Market demand, value proposition, stakeholder analyses, and profitability scenarios are captured with a business model canvas. Developmental process is divided into 4 aspects: Desirability, Feasibility, Viability, and Scalability. Technical- and Investment Readiness Level models are used in defining the technical feasibility and the business viability and scalability, respectively. Best practice recommendations including examples are provided. Health care professionals, health care financers, and health care policymakers are urged to consider the provided systematic approach and recommendations prior to starting a venture with XR.
AB - Extended reality (XR) modalities in health care are quickly evolving. There is a lack of systematically described developmental process and the “how to” execute a business-case guidance. This article formulates a systematic approach on the technical developmental steps and generation of business-case to guide the iterative development of an XR tool. An international expert group was established and several available frameworks related to entrepreneurship and business-case development were used to generate recommendations. Our ongoing experience with the development life cycle of an XR tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is provided as a real-life case illustration. Market demand, value proposition, stakeholder analyses, and profitability scenarios are captured with a business model canvas. Developmental process is divided into 4 aspects: Desirability, Feasibility, Viability, and Scalability. Technical- and Investment Readiness Level models are used in defining the technical feasibility and the business viability and scalability, respectively. Best practice recommendations including examples are provided. Health care professionals, health care financers, and health care policymakers are urged to consider the provided systematic approach and recommendations prior to starting a venture with XR.
KW - business case
KW - cardiology
KW - cardiothoracic surgery
KW - extended reality (XR)
KW - skills simulation
KW - XR training
U2 - 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101633
DO - 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101633
M3 - Article
SN - 2772-963X
VL - 4
JO - JACC: Advances
JF - JACC: Advances
IS - 3
M1 - 101633
ER -