TY - JOUR
T1 - Defeat stress in rodents
T2 - From behavior to molecules
AU - Hammels, Caroline
AU - Pishva, Ehsan
AU - De Vry, Jochen
AU - van den Hove, Daniel L A
AU - Prickaerts, Jos
AU - van Winkel, Ruud
AU - Selten, Jean-Paul
AU - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
AU - Daskalakis, Nikolaos P
AU - Steinbusch, Harry W M
AU - van Os, Jim
AU - Kenis, Gunter
AU - Rutten, Bart P F
N1 - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/12
Y1 - 2015/12
N2 - Mood and anxiety disorders are prevalent conditions affecting one out of four people during lifetime. The development of high validity animal models to study these disorders has been a major challenge in the past. When considering experimental approaches for studying affective disorders, the social defeat paradigm has been shown to have etiological, predictive and face validity. Here, we explain the general principle of social defeat stress paradigms, with a strong focus on the resident-intruder model and compare different experimental settings as published to date. We discuss behavioral changes described in defeated animals as well as changes in the animal's physiological parameters. In addition, we provide an overview of the molecular adaptations that are found in animals subjected to defeat stress, with special attention to neural circuits and neuroendocrine signaling. Defeat produces specific behaviors resembling the signs and symptoms of humans with affective disorders, such as anhedonia, social avoidance, despair and anxiety. These can be linked to a wide range of physiological changes-ranging from cardiovascular changes to alterations in the immune system- or by disturbances in specific neurotransmitter systems, in particular serotonin and dopamine. The defeat stress model thus impacts on several functional domains of behavior and may mimic cardinal features of a multitude of psychiatric disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This manuscript critically reviews the core findings, strengths and limitations of the range of animal studies in this field and provides future perspectives.
AB - Mood and anxiety disorders are prevalent conditions affecting one out of four people during lifetime. The development of high validity animal models to study these disorders has been a major challenge in the past. When considering experimental approaches for studying affective disorders, the social defeat paradigm has been shown to have etiological, predictive and face validity. Here, we explain the general principle of social defeat stress paradigms, with a strong focus on the resident-intruder model and compare different experimental settings as published to date. We discuss behavioral changes described in defeated animals as well as changes in the animal's physiological parameters. In addition, we provide an overview of the molecular adaptations that are found in animals subjected to defeat stress, with special attention to neural circuits and neuroendocrine signaling. Defeat produces specific behaviors resembling the signs and symptoms of humans with affective disorders, such as anhedonia, social avoidance, despair and anxiety. These can be linked to a wide range of physiological changes-ranging from cardiovascular changes to alterations in the immune system- or by disturbances in specific neurotransmitter systems, in particular serotonin and dopamine. The defeat stress model thus impacts on several functional domains of behavior and may mimic cardinal features of a multitude of psychiatric disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This manuscript critically reviews the core findings, strengths and limitations of the range of animal studies in this field and provides future perspectives.
KW - Animals
KW - Anxiety Disorders
KW - Behavior, Animal
KW - Depression
KW - Disease Models, Animal
KW - Humans
KW - Social Behavior
KW - Stress, Psychological
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 26475995
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 59
SP - 111
EP - 140
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
ER -