Abstract
Mechanism-based therapy centred on the molecular understanding of disease-causing pathways in a given patient is still the exception rather than the rule in medicine, even in cardiology. However, recent successful drug developments centred around the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3'-5'-monophosphate (cGMP), which is regulating a number of cardiovascular disease modulating pathways, are about to provide novel targets for such a personalised cardiovascular therapy. Whether cGMP breakdown is inhibited or cGMP synthesis is stimulated via guanylyl cyclases or their upstream regulators in different cardiovascular disease phenotypes, the outcomes seem to be so far uniformly protective. Thus, a network of cGMP modulating drugs has evolved that act in a mechanism-based, possibly causal manner in a number of cardiac conditions. What remains a challenge is the detection of cGMPopathy endotypes amongst cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Here we review the growing clinical relevance of cGMP and provide a glimpse into the future on how drugs interfering with this pathway may change how we treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases altogether.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2085-2102 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Cardiovascular Research |
Volume | 118 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 16 Jul 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 20 Jul 2022 |
Keywords
- Guanylate cyclase
- Natriuretic peptides
- Nitric oxide
- Cyclic GMP
- Biomarkers
- SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE
- ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE
- PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
- HEART-FAILURE PATIENTS
- NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE
- ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE
- ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE ADMA
- VASCULAR SUPEROXIDE-PRODUCTION
- 2013 ACCF/AHA GUIDELINE
- QUALITY-OF-LIFE