Cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies: a single-institution experience

A.I.P. Vernemmen, X.F. Li, G.M.J.M. Roemen, E.J.M. Speel, B. Kubat, A. zur Hausen, V.J.L. Winnepenninckx, I.V. Samarska*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Aims Cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies occur in 1-10% of cancer patients. The diagnosis can sometimes be challenging, especially in cases with an unknown primary cancer. Materials and methods A retrospective case review was performed including all cases of skin metastases from primary internal malignancies diagnosed at the Department of Pathology at the Maastricht University Medical Centre+ from 2007 to 2021. The clinicopathological data were collected and immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic tests were performed to confirm the primary origin of the metastases. Results We identified 152 cases (71 female; 31 male patients) of cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies. 28 patients (20 women and 8 men) were diagnosed with multiple cutaneous metastases. Among the female patients, the most common primary tumour was breast cancer (50% of the cases), followed by lung (13.6%), gynaecological (7.3%), and gastrointestinal origin (7.3%). Among the male patients, the most common primary sites were gastrointestinal and lung origin (altogether, 50% of the cases). In 19 patients, the cutaneous metastasis was the first presentation of a clinically silent internal malignancy (18.6%), of which most (78.9%) represented metastatic lung carcinomas. Finally, metastasizing patterns were different across tumour types and gender. Conclusion Breast, lung, gastrointestinal, and gynaecologic cancers are the most common primary tumours demonstrating skin metastases. Infrequently, cutaneous metastases can be the first clinically visual manifestation of an underlying not yet diagnosed internal malignancy; therefore, occasional broad immunohistochemical profiling, molecular clonal analysis, and a continuous high level of awareness are necessary for a precise diagnosis of cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)329-341
Number of pages13
JournalHistopathology
Volume81
Issue number3
Early online date20 Jul 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2022

Keywords

  • breast
  • colon
  • cutaneous metastasis
  • internal malignancy
  • lung
  • skin
  • BREAST-CARCINOMA
  • SKIN
  • CANCER
  • MANIFESTATIONS

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