@article{9480ba3646e1468dbf8f7993abaf576a,
title = "Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1-Month-Old Breastfed Infants",
abstract = "Scope Understanding the biological functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. A link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant fecal microbiota composition is examined and the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, 1-month-old infants is investigated. Methods and results Maternal breast milk and infant feces are from the KOALA Birth Cohort. HMOs are quantified in milk and infant fecal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition is characterized using Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The composition is associated with gender, delivery mode, and milk HMOs: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2 '-fucosyllactose. Overall, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Parabacteroides are predominating genera. Three different patterns in infant fecal microbiota structure are detected. GI degradation of HMOs is strongly associated with fecal microbiota composition, and there is a link between utilization of specific HMOs and relative abundance of various phylotypes (operational taxonomic units). Conclusions HMOs in maternal milk are among the important factors shaping GI tract microbiota in 1-month-old breastfed infants. An infant's ability to metabolize different HMOs strongly correlates with fecal microbiota composition and specifically with phylotypes within genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus.",
keywords = "breastfeeding, human milk oligosaccharide, microbial clusters, microbiome, GUT BACTERIA, FECES, FERMENTATION, MOTHER, GROWTH, ATOPY",
author = "Klaudyna Borewicz and Fangjie Gu and Edoardo Saccenti and Arts, {Ilja C. W.} and John Penders and Carel Thijs and {van Leeuwen}, {Sander S.} and Cordula Lindner and Arjen Nauta and {van Leusen}, Ellen and Schols, {Henk A.} and Hauke Smidt",
note = "Funding Information: K. B. and F.G. contributed equally to this work. K.B. and F.G. performed laboratory sample analyses and data analyses. K.B. wrote the main body of the manuscript, and F.G. assisted with writing. E.S. performed PLS analysis. J.P., C.T., and I.A. designed and supervised the KOALA study. S.L. assisted with HMO analysis. H.S and H.Sm. supervised the present study and contributed to data interpretation. All authors have contributed to scientific discussion and reviewing the manuscript. The authors thank Maria Suarez-Diez (Wageningen University, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology) for her help with the DMM analysis, and Geert A. ten Kate (University of Groningen, Microbial Physiology) for assisting in the HMO extraction. The authors thank the children and parents who participated in the KOALA study, and the students who helped collect the data. This research was performed in the public–private partnership CarboHealth coordinated by the Carbohydrate Competence Center (CCC, www.cccresearch.nl) and financed by participating partners and allowances of the TKI Agri&Food program, Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. The collection of breast milk and fecal samples in the KOALA study was supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw grant 2001-1-1260), the Dutch Asthma Fund (grant 3.2.03.48), Royal FrieslandCampina (the Netherlands), and Triodos Foundation (the Netherlands). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1002/mnfr.201801214",
language = "English",
volume = "63",
pages = "1--13",
journal = "Molecular Nutrition & Food Research",
issn = "1613-4125",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "13",
}